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Nutrition Final > Review for final > Flashcards

Review for final Flashcards

1
Q

Feline kidney disease

A

CKD

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2
Q

How is kidney disease diagnosed? ((5)

A

bloodwork, U/A, radiographs, ultrasound, blood pressure

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3
Q

kidney disease can be cured with treatment

True/False

A

False-it is managed and progression is slowed with treatment

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4
Q

what are the treatments for kidney disease? (5)

A

hydration, nutrition, manage hypertension, medications to support kidney function, nutraceuticals

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5
Q

why does Royal Canin offer so many kidney formulations?

A

kidney pets do not want to eat. Lose their appetite, need a variety to keep eating well

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6
Q

what are the symptoms of kidney disease? (8)

A

lethargy, weight loss, unkempt appearance, PU, PD, anorexia, inappetence, hypertension

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7
Q

There are 4 stages of kidney disease. At what stage do symptoms appear?

A

Stage III

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8
Q

70-80% of kidney function is gone by Stage III

True or False

A

True

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9
Q

What is the term for protein in the urine?

A

Proteinuria

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10
Q

untreated high blood pressure can lead to blindness due to:

A

retinal detachment

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11
Q

What can cause kidney disease? (8)

A

kidney infection, kidney stones, urinary blockage, toxins, damage, FIP (cats), cancer, hereditary factors

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12
Q

What breeds of dog are genetically predisposed to kidney disease?

A

Bull Terrier and English Cocker Spaniel

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13
Q

How can Leptospirosis be diagnosed?

A

blood and urine testing

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14
Q

How is Leptospirosis treated?

A

isolation, fluid therapy, antibiotics

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15
Q

Why does Leptospirosis require nutritional intervention after recovery?

A

Lifelong Kidney and Liver damage/changes

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16
Q

How does Leptospirosis enter the host?

A

through the mucous membranes

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17
Q

Leptospirosis can occur in all mammals.

True or False

A

True

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18
Q

The Leptospirosis vaccine protects pets 100% from getting the disease.
True or False

A

False

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19
Q

Renal diets are reduced in what? (2)

A

phosphorus and protein

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20
Q

FLUTD describes issues of what in the cat

A

bladder and urethra

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21
Q

What are the four diseases associated with FLUTD in cats

A

urolithiasis, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), urethral obstruction, Feline Idiopathic Cystitis (FIC)

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22
Q

UTI’s are most common in young cats.

True or False

A

False-urine is too acidic

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23
Q

Describe what a urolith is.

A

Collection of minerals that clump together

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24
Q

What are the stones that urinary formulas can dissolve

A

Struvite

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25
Q

Struvite Crystals are: (choose correct one)

1) magnesium ammonium phosphate
2) magnesium calcium oxalate
3) magnesium dihydrate

A

1)

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26
Q

What crystal appears in the urine of a dog or cat poisoned by ethylene glycol

A

Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate

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27
Q

What are the two antidotes for ethylene glycol poisoning

A

ethanol (vodka) and fomepizole (costly)

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28
Q

Why is ethylene glycol poisoning so dangerous? What occurs in the body after ingestion (2)

A

metabolic acidosis and acute renal tubular necrosis

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29
Q

What is the volume of antifreeze containing ethylene glycol that can kill 1)a cat and 2)dog

A

a) 1-2tsps

b) 3 tbsp (size dependent)

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30
Q

peak levels of antifreeze toxicity is reached 1-4 hours post ingestion
True or False

A

True

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31
Q

How ethanol work to reverse the effects of ethylene glycol in the body

A

blocks the formation of toxic metabolites that lead to acidosis and kidney damage

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32
Q

How many shots of vodka is equivalent to the amount required to treat a dog with this toxicity

A

8 shots every 4-6 hours

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33
Q

define a urethral plug

A

soft material containing minerals, cells, and mucous like proteins

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34
Q

Why is a urethral plug a life threatening emergency physically in the patient

A

toxins build up because the kidneys can no longer remove them which leads to heart failure and death

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35
Q

Death can occur within 24-48 hours of becoming blocked

True or False

A

True

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36
Q

What is the surgery that can correct a male cat in regards to blocking

A

Perineal Urethrostomy

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37
Q

What is the procedure for the correction of a blocking male cat actually doing

A

removal of the narrowest part of the urethra within the penis

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38
Q

How is FIC resolved in a cat?

A

environmental enrichment, encouragement to drink more, canned food, nutritional changes

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39
Q

Why is water intake so important in FIC cats

A

keep hydrated to keep urine PH low

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40
Q

What is RSS-(acronym) not the definition

A

Relative Super Saturation

explain in your own words what it is

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41
Q

What is CVUC

A

Canadian Veterinary Urolith Centre

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42
Q

What are some water tips for cats to encourage drinking more? (6)

A

bowl size, bowl material, fountains, fresh, temperature, location

43
Q

What type of stone is the miniature schnauzer most prone to

A

calcium oxalate

44
Q

What type of stone is the dalmatian most prone to

A

urates

45
Q

Struvites are often caused by UTI in a dog

True or False

A

True

46
Q

Struvites can exist in normal urine

True or False

A

true

47
Q

What is inflammation of the stomach and intestines?

A

gastroenteritis

48
Q

What is large bowel diarrhea called

A

colitis

49
Q

What is always a concern when a pet has diarrhea

A

dehydration

50
Q

What condition creates hard cake like stool that cannot be passed

A

obstipation

51
Q

What Royal canin diet is utilized with megacolon in cats

A

GI Fiber Response

52
Q

The colon is how many sizes larger with megacolon. Choose one:

1) 3-4 times
2) twice the size
3) 5 times the size

A

3-4

53
Q

How is constipation diagnosed?

A

radiographs

54
Q

How is constipation treated at first (non-invasively)

A

enema

55
Q

What is the term for a doctor removing the feces from the colon directly with their fingers, with a sedated patient

A

manual evacuation

56
Q

What is manx syndrome

A

caudal vertebrae are missing and/or the spinal cord is shortened-caused difficulty with bowel movements due to muscle control

57
Q

What is IBS

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

58
Q

What is IBD

A

Inflammatory Bowel Disease

59
Q

What issue is the pancreas having to cause pancreatitis

A

inflamed digestive enzymes are released too soon and damage is caused to the pancreas

60
Q

What is EPI

A

Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency

61
Q

What breed of dog is susceptible to EPI

A

German Shepherd

62
Q

What is the disease process of EPI. What is happening

A

pancreas is not producing sufficient digestive enzymes, therefore the pet is not absorbing adequate nutrition

63
Q

What are the three allergy classifications

A

food, environment, flea

64
Q

What causes atopic dermatitis

A

allergy to pollens, mold, spores, dust, animal dander, feathers, wool

65
Q

Atopic Dermatitis is typically seasonal

True or False

A

True

66
Q

Atopic dermatitis typically impacts at 1-3yrs of age and worsens as time goes on.
True or False

A

True

67
Q

What are some anti-itch solutions

A

shampoos, mousses, topical steroids, oral steroids, immuno-therapy injections, atopica, apoquel, cytopoint, allergy suits

68
Q

Apoquel is a steroid

True or False

A

False

69
Q

What would be a strong indicator of a food allergy

A

non seasonal

70
Q

There is blood testing for food allergy that is reliable

True or False

A

False

71
Q

What is a dietary challenge

A

When a pet is returned to its original diet after a hypoallergenic treatment has resolved skin issues for two weeks to see if issues return

72
Q

What is an elimination food trial

A

Protein sources are added to a hypoallergenic formula for two week periods to see if a reaction occurs

73
Q

What is Royal Canin’s unicorn derm diet

A

Anallergenic

74
Q

define hydrolyzed protein

A

protein particles are made too small to be recognized by the host

75
Q

What is a pet experiencing if poisoned by alcohol physiologically

A

central nervous system depression

76
Q

How fast is alcohol absorbed

A

in as little as 30 minutes

77
Q

metabolic acidosis can be caused by ethanol poisoning

True or False

A

true

78
Q

coffee and caffeine contain what that is toxic to pets

A

methylxanthines

79
Q

Why is chocolate consumption a concern for pets-what is happening in the body

A

body metabolizes this slower so toxins build up in the system

80
Q

Citrus oils are a concern due to their insecticidal qualities
True or False

A

True

81
Q

grapes can cause kidney failure

true or false

A

True

82
Q

What toxin causes RBC rupture

A

Alliums-garlic, onions, chives, lentils

83
Q

What does xylitol do in pets

A

stimulates the pancreas to create more insulin and overdose host

84
Q

Why are lilies a concern for cats

A

kidney failure

85
Q

The Sago Palm can cause liver failure and black tarry stool

True or False

A

True

86
Q

what is a producer

A

creates its own food

87
Q

what is the other term for a producer

A

autotroph

88
Q

an herbivore is in which group:

1, 2 or 3

A

2

89
Q

what does a frugivore eat

A

fruit

90
Q

what does omnis stand for

A

all or everything

91
Q

what does vorare stand for

A

to devour or eat

92
Q

what do tertiary consumers eat

A

other carnivores

93
Q

how percentage of meat does a mesocarnivore require in its diet

A

50%

94
Q

what dies a piscivore eat

A

fish

95
Q

what does a vermivore eat

A

worms

96
Q

what are the 5 vital assessments in an examination

A

hx, TPR, exam, extended exam, nutritional

97
Q

What are the things you would recommend clients look for when purchasing a non-veterinary food

A

AAFCO, 1-800 number, consult line, science based studies

98
Q

a closed end question is the best way to gain information

True or False

A

False

99
Q

what does an avivore eat

A

birds

100
Q

what is the largest land carnivore

A

polar bear

101
Q

What can make the longterm prognosis of kidney disease worse for a pet?

A

proteinuria

102
Q

kidney stones are often an incidental finding

T/F

A

True

103
Q

What consumer group does the herbivore fall into

A

primary consumers

104
Q

Borborygmi is a gas bubble sound in the GI tract

T/F

A

True

Nutrition Final (1 decks)

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