Review for exam 2 Flashcards
The anterior pituitary stimulates other endocrine organs by secreting a group of hormones called _______.
tropic hormones
An excess of hormones in the blood may cause
target organs to decrease the number of
receptors for that hormone in a process called
down-regulation (bc decreasing number of receptors for that hormone)
Insulin promotes all of the following except
gluconeogenesis (formation of glucose from non carb sources)
**Insulin promotes protein synthesis, glycogenesis,
lipogenesis
Which statement about cholesterol is correct?
Saturated Fatty Acids stimulate liver synthesis of cholesterol
Which hormone is responsible for increasing milk production?
prolactin
In the developing fetus, all body systems are present by ______.
8 weeks
Gastrulation starts when the ______ appears
primitive streak
Which of the following occurs outside of the mitochondria?
glycolysis
In general metabolic terms, food digestion is a form of __________, while building new protein molecules is a form of
catabolism; anabolism
- *catabolism: breaks down
- *anabolism: builds up
Glandular organs most likely arise from the _________, as they share secretory properties with the gut.
endoderm
Which extraembryonic membrane contributes to the formation of the placenta?
Chorion
Most of the amino acid–based hormones affect the target organs using _______.
intracellular second messengers
Why are high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) considered “good”?
The cholesterol transported by HDLs is destined for excretion
Increased ______ stimulates the baby’s first breath.
blood CO2 level
Which of the following is true about ADH?
It is secreted when we are dehydrated
Which statement is correct concerning the Post absorptive state
Glycogenolysis occurs in the liver and skeletal muscle
What prevents polyspermy by destroying the sperm receptors?
ZIPs (zonal inhibiting proteins)
During times of stress, elevated levels of _______ often occur, which explains why we get a cold during final exam time.
cortisol
Occasionally, a female patient experiences hirsutism, or excessive facial hair growth, yet blood tests reveal that her levels of testosterone are normal for a female. Another cause could be hypersecretion of
gonadocorticoids
When the ovaries secrete estrogen in response to the hormone GnRH (gonad releasing hormone), this is an example of ________ stimulation.
hormonal
Which statement is correct concerning Glomerulus Filtration Rate (GFR)?
If GFR increases, filtrate flow rate will increase in tubule
Which of the following is a source of complex carbohydrates?
potatoes
The juxtaglomerular complex is made of ________ cells from the afferent arteriole and the ________ cells of the ascending tubule.
granular; macula densa
In the case of a person who consumes a normal balanced diet, protein are essential to the body for all of the following EXCEPT…
Production of energy
What type of response by the afferent arterioles of the nephron would you expect if blood pressure increased?
The afferent arterioles would constrict.
The vasa recta are associated with which structures in the kidney?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
The vasa recta are associated with which structures in the kidney?
Juxtamedullary nephrons
Which hormone is stored in the posterior pituitary?
oxytocin
The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin ________.
by a decrease in the blood pressure
The descending limb of the nephron loop ________.
contains fluid that becomes more concentrated as it moves down into the medulla
The ________ mechanism is the general tendency of vascular smooth muscle to contract when stretched.
Myogenic mechanism
what is not part of the renal corpuscle
vasa recta
what is an apgar score ?
An assessment at birth based on infant’s: HR, RR, color, tone and reflexes
Which hormone is produced by the adrenal medulla?
epinephrine
Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the …
Conversion of glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid
Which of the following is NOT a function of the liver?
Synthesis of glucagon
What is formed during aerobic respiration when electrons are passed down the electron transport chain?
Water
