review exam #1

Question 1

ADA

Answer 1

American Dental association
-can recommend but not regulate infection control standards

Question 2

OSAP

Answer 2

Organization for Safety and Prevention

Question 3

CDC

Answer 3

Centers for Disease Control
-can recommend but not regulate
-tracks data

Question 4

OSHA

Answer 4

Occupational Safety and Health Administration
-mandates protocol to minimize exposure to keep employees safe
-receives recommendations to make laws
-explains what to do in the event of exposure

Question 5

FDA

Answer 5

Food and Drug Administration
-regulate equipment and labels on chemicals

Question 6

EPA

Answer 6

Environmental Protection Agency
-endless list of all chemicals
-chemicals must be registered in order to ensure microorganisms are killed
-has a registration number

Question 7

Components of an infection control prgram

Answer 7

-must be called an “exposure plan”
-Plan must be written
-must be reviewed with staff annually or when updated
-must be accessible (easy to find)

Question 8

Exposure Plan Components

Answer 8

1. Exposure determination (categories)
2. Schedule for implementation
3. Evaluation of exposure plan (up to date)

Question 9

OSHA bloodborne pathogen standard

Answer 9

-Treat blood and all other body fluids as potentially dangerous material with all patients
-body substance isolation
-based on asymptomatic carriers

Question 10

Standard Precautions

Answer 10

infection control procedure to prevent the spread of disease
-combine concept of universal precautions (the need to treat blood and other body fluid from all patients as potentially infectious) with body isolation.
Asymptomatic carriers

Question 11

Virulence

Answer 11

the ability of a microorganism to cause disease (Degree of pathogenicity)

Question 12

Stages of Infectious Disease
Stage 1.
Incubation stage

Answer 12

period from the initial entrance of the infectious agent into the body to the time when the first symptoms of the disease appear.
-disease agent is surviving or multiplying and producing harmful products that ultimately damage the body
-ranges from a few hours to a few years
-Disease producing potential
-# of microorganisms
-body’s resistance

Question 13

symptoms of incubation stage

Answer 13

fever, swelling, skin discoloration, ulceration, pain, bleeding, watery eyes, and runny nose

Question 14

Stages of Infectious Disease
Stage 2.
Prodromal Stage

Answer 14

“Running before stage” , involves the appearance of early symptoms
-first symptoms called “malaise” - not feeling good

Question 15

Symptoms of Prodromal Stage

Answer 15

slight fever, headache, upset stomach

Question 16

Stages of Infectious Disease
Stage 3
Acute Stage

Answer 16

Symptoms are maximal, person is obviously ill.
-not likely to enter office unless emergency

Question 17

Stages of Infectious Disease
Stage 4
Convalescent Stage

Answer 17

Recovery Phase
-microorganism numbers decline
-declining symptoms may not be recognizable to others
-symptoms may occur over a long period of time or intermittently

Question 18

Modes of Disease Transmation

Answer 18

-direct
-indirect
-droplet infection
-airborne infection

Question 19

Direct Contact

Answer 19

touching soft tissue or teeth in patients mouth results in direct contact with microorganisms with immediate spread from the source.
-opportunity to penetrate the body through small breaks or cuts on ungloved hands

Question 20

Indirect Contact

Answer 20

injuries with contaminated sharps (needle sticks) and contact with contaminated instruments, equipment, surfaces and hands. (Formites)

Question 21

Droplet Infection

Answer 21

Large particle oof droplet spatter by close contact

Question 22

Airborne Infection

Answer 22

Small particles (droplet nuclei or aerosol particles)
-can remain airborne for hours and can be inhaled

Question 23

Routes of entry

Answer 23

-surface of skin through small cuts or abrasions
-injuries with contaminated sharp items
-spatter or aerosol through mucous membrane, eye, nose, mouth or are inhaled
-ingestion

Question 24

Infectious Agent

Answer 24

virus, fungi, bacterium, protozoan

Question 25

Resevoir

Answer 25

Saliva, feces, blood, water, environment, animals, insects

-stay healthy, sterilization, disinfection, water asepsis

Question 26

Portal of Exit

Answer 26

Secretions, excretions, droplets, aerosols

-hand hygiene, barriers, minimize spatter, waste containment

Question 27

Mode oof Spread

Answer 27

direct contact droplets, indirect contact airborne

-hand hygiene, surface barriers, gloves, masks, aseptic techniques, sterilization, disinfection, clothing and eye wear

Question 28

Portal of Entry

Answer 28

Inhalation, ingestion, mucous membranes, broken skin

-gloves, eyewear, clothing, masks, aseptic techniques,

Question 29

Susceptible Host

Answer 29

person at risk

-Immunizations, mange underlying diseases

Question 30

Factors that influence the development of disease

Answer 30

1. virulence
2. dose
3. resistance

Question 31

Factors that alter normal defense

Answer 31

1. abnormal physical conditions
2. systemic diseases
3. drug therapies
4. prosthetic implants