Review - Exam 1

Question 1

GLUT2 location

Answer 1

liver, pancreas

Question 2

GLUT2 Function

Answer 2

Rapid uptake and/or release of glucose

Question 3

GLUT4 location

Answer 3

Skeletal and cardiac muscle, adipose tissue

Question 4

GLUT4 Function

Answer 4

INSULIN-stimulated uptake of glucose

Question 5

Metabolic effect of insulin of triacylglycerol synthesis (adipose tissue)

Answer 5

increases triacylglycerol synthesis

Question 6

How does insulin increase TAG synthesis?

Answer 6

by increasing lipoprotein lipase

Question 7

What effect does insulin have on lipolysis?

Answer 7

Decreases lipolysis

Question 8

How does insulin decrease lipolysis?

Answer 8

decrease hormone-sensitive lipase

Question 9

Nitrogen sparing effect of fat

Answer 9

Increase lipolysis (FFAs for muscle)
Decrease gluconeogenesis
Increase ketogenesis
Spares muscle proteins from degredation

Question 10

where does ketogenesis occur?

Answer 10

hepatic mitochondria

Question 11

Precursors of Eicosanoids (Groups 1-3)

Answer 11

Group 1 - Linoleate (w6)
Group 2 - Arachidonate (w6)
Group 3 - a-linolenic acid (w3)

Question 12

what is DGLA formed by?

Answer 12

Group 1 (Linoleate) w6

Question 13

What is EPA formed by?

Answer 13

Group 3 = a-linolenic (w3)

Question 14

What is an eicosanoid?

Answer 14

20C unsaturated FA

Question 15

What effect does cortisol have on phospholipase A2

Answer 15

decreases phospholipase A2

Question 16

What does heparin bind to?
What is it produced by?

Answer 16

binds and activated antithrombin
liver and mast cells

Question 17

Hemolytic Jaundice Serum Findings

Answer 17

INC INC unconjugated
INC conjugated (liver cant keep up)

Question 18

Hemolytic jaundice urine findings

Answer 18

Hemoglobinuria
Increased urobilinogen

Question 19

Hepatic jaundice serum findings

Answer 19

Increased unconjugated
Increased conjugated
Increased urobilinogen

Question 20

Hepatic jaundice urine findings

Answer 20

urobilinogen
conjugated bilirubin

Question 21

Post hepatic jaundice serum findings

Answer 21

increased conjugated

Question 22

Post hepatic jaundice urine findings

Answer 22

inc conjugated bilirubin
NO urobilinogen

Question 23

What does the intact endothelium secrete?

Answer 23

Antithrombic compounds
Anti-Platelet: NO, Prostacyclin (PGI2)
Anticoags: Heparin-like molecules, thrombomodulin
Fibrinolytic: tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)

Question 24

vWF binds to __, which binds to ___, which forms platelet plugs

Answer 24

FVIII, collagen

Question 25

what secretes vWF?

Answer 25

injured endothelial cells

Question 26

What pro-hemostatic factors are secreted by the subendothelium?

Answer 26

Collagen, Tissue Factor

Question 27

What does vWF bind to?

Answer 27

FVIII, sub-endothelial collagen, glycoprotein

Question 28

what localizes clot formation?

Answer 28

prostacyclin

Question 29

What is the main function of plasmin?

Answer 29

fibrin degredation, fibrinolysis

Question 30

Fibrin fibers inhibit the activity of __

Answer 30

thrombin (negative feedback loop)

Question 31

Endothelial anti-hemostatic factors

Answer 31

NO, prostacyclin, CD39, Heparin sulfate, thrombomodulin

Question 32

describe the function of calcium chelators

Answer 32

bind to plasma Ca2+, prevents formation of prothrombinase complex

Question 33

saturated FA suffix

Answer 33

-anoic

Question 34

unsaturated FA suffix

Answer 34

enoic

Question 35

Cyclooxygenase (COX) __ synthesis of prostanoids

Answer 35

initiates

Question 36

Functions of prostacyclin

Answer 36

opposes thromboxane, prevents platelet aggregation, vasodilator

Question 37

Hemostatic effects of thromboxane

Answer 37

vasoconstriction, plug formation

Question 38

Which eicosanoids are involved in asthmatic and allergic reactions

Answer 38

Leukotrienes

Question 39

DGLA and EPA are competitive inhibitors with ___ ___ for ___ pathways

Answer 39

arachidonic acid, COX

Question 40

What activates lipoprotein lipase?

Answer 40

ApoC

Question 41

When is hepatic glycogen depleted?

Answer 41

18-24