Review (Defense) Flashcards
Problems encountered by mothers
Among health-related issues, Mastitis or breast engorgement is the most common. Women may be at risk for mastitis if they have a history of oversupply, nipple injuries, latch issues, or skipped feedings.
Common reason for undesired weaning (NNC)
Tender breasts with throbbing pain, sometimes resulting in fever, and early weaning can occur. Along with low milk supply and discomfort
There are only ___ estbalished HMBs in the Philippines and ___ in Metro Manila
21, 12
Objectives of the study
(1) To determine the level of knowledge of postpartum women on human milk banks,
(2) To determine the attitudes of postpartum women on human milk banks,
(3) To determine the perceptions of postpartum women on human milk banks,
(4) To determine the awareness, motivation, and acceptability of postpartum women towards human milk banks,
(5) To determine if sociodemographic status affects the utilization of human milk banks among postpartum women, and
(6) To determine if breastfeeding practices affect the utilization of human milk banks among postpartum women.
The study aligns with SDG no. ___
(Research Agenda)
This study aligns with the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Good Health and Well-being. By this means, the utilization of human milk banks, an institution that aids mothers in need, is emphasized as it advocates for the provision of the recommended nourishment for infants
What impact can this study create
(Research Agenda)
this study aims to impact local nutrition information systems, in which the utilization of human milk banks in the Philippines can be improved by considering the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of the primary beneficiaries of this study—mothers and infants.
Eventually, this research may also impact the country’s agenda for Nutrition Promotion for Behavior Change by understanding the factors that affect breastfeeding practices and beliefs of Filipino women.
Study Design
The research employed a CROSS-SECTIONAL design in assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of postpartum women using convenience sampling. Moreover, a CORRELATIONAL research design was used to assess the statistical relationship between the measured variables
Why are the cities selected as the study cite?
These four cities were chosen as study sites because of the presence of human milk banking facilities
Total population of postpartum women in Metro Manila
46,227 obtained from the DOH
Knowledge Questionnaire
from Velmurugan et. al in 2020 titled “Perception of Human Milk Donation and Banking: Maternal Optimism”, and “Knowledge and Perception of Mothers Toward Donor Milk and Human Milk Banking: Experience from Two Centers in Southwest, Nigeria” by Ogundele, et al. in 2022.
Basis on the level of knowledge
by Shasikala and Sheela in 2020 titled “Knowledge and Attitude of Postnatal Mothers on Human Milk Banking” wherein knowledge scores were classified as poor, average, or good.
Attitude questionnaire
from Ellsworth et al. in 2020 from their study titled “An Alternative to Mother’s Own Milk: Maternal Awareness of Donor Human Milk and Milk Banks”
Perception questionnaire
Velmurugan et. al in 2020 titled “Perception of Human Milk Donation and Banking: Maternal Optimism”
What are the three phases of data collection done
the planning of the data collection, the data collection proper, and the data encoding and analysis
Used to determine differences in KAP scores between two groups
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
used to determine difference in KAP scores between three or more groups
Kruskal Wallis Test
used to test the relationship between continuous independent variables and continuous dependent variables.
Pearson Correlation
Study limitations
- Research design based on survey method, limiting generalizability
- Exclusion of factors like previous childbirth experience and maternal mental health
- Respondents mainly from lower to middle-income brackets in Metro Manila
- Taguig and Pasig City health centers had only one immunization day per week
- Cross-sectional nature of survey limits establishing causality
- Longitudinal studies needed to assess relationships over time
Ethical considerations
- Obtained permission from City Mayors and Health District Officers
- Ethical clearance from Saint Mary’s University Research Ethics Board
- Provided informed consent form and information sheet to respondents
- Ensured confidentiality and anonymity of respondents
- Stored data securely and restricted access
- Will provide edited data to health centers upon request
- Will provide research paper and poster to health center
- Will personally notify respondents of study results
- No conflict of interest declared
Attitude (Results)
The overall median (IQR) level of attitude was 4 (1) which suggests that mothers, in general, had a positive attitude towards utilization of human milk banking.
Attitudes (IQR)
The closer the median to 5.0, the more positive their attitudes towards human milk baking are
Most mothers had positive attitude towards these statements:
- donating breast milk is selfless
- their family would support them in donating or receiving milk from other mothers/health institutions
- that their family would support their decision to give DHM
- and giving human milk to an infant that is not their mother’s own milk is unacceptable in their culture and/or religion
Mothers tend to have agreement that (Attitude)
They would need to know why an infant needed their milk before donating
