Review (Defense)

Question 1

Problems encountered by mothers

Answer 1

Among health-related issues, Mastitis or breast engorgement is the most common. Women may be at risk for mastitis if they have a history of oversupply, nipple injuries, latch issues, or skipped feedings.

Question 2

Common reason for undesired weaning (NNC)

Answer 2

Tender breasts with throbbing pain, sometimes resulting in fever, and early weaning can occur. Along with low milk supply and discomfort

Question 3

There are only ___ estbalished HMBs in the Philippines and ___ in Metro Manila

Answer 3

21, 12

Question 4

Objectives of the study

Answer 4

(1) To determine the level of knowledge of postpartum women on human milk banks,
(2) To determine the attitudes of postpartum women on human milk banks,
(3) To determine the perceptions of postpartum women on human milk banks,
(4) To determine the awareness, motivation, and acceptability of postpartum women towards human milk banks,
(5) To determine if sociodemographic status affects the utilization of human milk banks among postpartum women, and
(6) To determine if breastfeeding practices affect the utilization of human milk banks among postpartum women.

Question 5

The study aligns with SDG no. ___

(Research Agenda)

Answer 5

This study aligns with the third Sustainable Development Goal (SDG), Good Health and Well-being. By this means, the utilization of human milk banks, an institution that aids mothers in need, is emphasized as it advocates for the provision of the recommended nourishment for infants

Question 6

What impact can this study create

(Research Agenda)

Answer 6

this study aims to impact local nutrition information systems, in which the utilization of human milk banks in the Philippines can be improved by considering the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of the primary beneficiaries of this study—mothers and infants.

Eventually, this research may also impact the country’s agenda for Nutrition Promotion for Behavior Change by understanding the factors that affect breastfeeding practices and beliefs of Filipino women.

Question 7

Study Design

Answer 7

The research employed a CROSS-SECTIONAL design in assessing the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of postpartum women using convenience sampling. Moreover, a CORRELATIONAL research design was used to assess the statistical relationship between the measured variables

Question 8

Why are the cities selected as the study cite?

Answer 8

These four cities were chosen as study sites because of the presence of human milk banking facilities

Question 9

Total population of postpartum women in Metro Manila

Answer 9

46,227 obtained from the DOH

Question 10

Knowledge Questionnaire

Answer 10

from Velmurugan et. al in 2020 titled “Perception of Human Milk Donation and Banking: Maternal Optimism”, and “Knowledge and Perception of Mothers Toward Donor Milk and Human Milk Banking: Experience from Two Centers in Southwest, Nigeria” by Ogundele, et al. in 2022.

Question 11

Basis on the level of knowledge

Answer 11

by Shasikala and Sheela in 2020 titled “Knowledge and Attitude of Postnatal Mothers on Human Milk Banking” wherein knowledge scores were classified as poor, average, or good.

Question 12

Attitude questionnaire

Answer 12

from Ellsworth et al. in 2020 from their study titled “An Alternative to Mother’s Own Milk: Maternal Awareness of Donor Human Milk and Milk Banks”

Question 13

Perception questionnaire

Answer 13

Velmurugan et. al in 2020 titled “Perception of Human Milk Donation and Banking: Maternal Optimism”

Question 14

What are the three phases of data collection done

Answer 14

the planning of the data collection, the data collection proper, and the data encoding and analysis

Question 15

Used to determine differences in KAP scores between two groups

Answer 15

Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test

Question 16

used to determine difference in KAP scores between three or more groups

Answer 16

Kruskal Wallis Test

Question 17

used to test the relationship between continuous independent variables and continuous dependent variables.

Answer 17

Pearson Correlation

Question 18

Study limitations

Answer 18

• Research design based on survey method, limiting generalizability
• Exclusion of factors like previous childbirth experience and maternal mental health
• Respondents mainly from lower to middle-income brackets in Metro Manila
• Taguig and Pasig City health centers had only one immunization day per week
• Cross-sectional nature of survey limits establishing causality
• Longitudinal studies needed to assess relationships over time

Question 19

Ethical considerations

Answer 19

• Obtained permission from City Mayors and Health District Officers
• Ethical clearance from Saint Mary’s University Research Ethics Board
• Provided informed consent form and information sheet to respondents
• Ensured confidentiality and anonymity of respondents
• Stored data securely and restricted access
• Will provide edited data to health centers upon request
• Will provide research paper and poster to health center
• Will personally notify respondents of study results
• No conflict of interest declared

Question 20

Attitude (Results)

Answer 20

The overall median (IQR) level of attitude was 4 (1) which suggests that mothers, in general, had a positive attitude towards utilization of human milk banking.

Question 21

Attitudes (IQR)

Answer 21

The closer the median to 5.0, the more positive their attitudes towards human milk baking are

Question 22

Most mothers had positive attitude towards these statements:

Answer 22

• donating breast milk is selfless
• their family would support them in donating or receiving milk from other mothers/health institutions
• that their family would support their decision to give DHM
• and giving human milk to an infant that is not their mother’s own milk is unacceptable in their culture and/or religion

Question 23

Mothers tend to have agreement that (Attitude)

Answer 23

They would need to know why an infant needed their milk before donating