review chap 5 Flashcards
What kinds of tissues are derived from the Endoderm?
The tissues that form the internal structures and organs on the body.
1. Mucous membrane that lines the digestive tract and respiratory tract
2. Digestive glands
What kinds of tissues are derived from the Ectoderm
- Epithelial tissue
- Nervous tissue
- Epithelia
Gives rise to epidermis (outer layer of the skin) and nervous system
What kinds of tissues are derived from the Mesoderm
- Becomes mesenchyme
- Muscle Tissue
- Connective tissue
- Cartilage
- Bone
- Blood
- Dermis and subcutaneous layer of the skin
What are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
- Closely adhering cells
- Cover body surfaces and line body cavities
- Upper surface exposed to environment or internal space in the body
- Constitutes most glands
- Avascular
- High rate of mitosis
- Basement membrane
- Basal surface (facing basement membrane)
- Apical surface (away from basement membrane)
How are epithelial tissues named?
Either named simple or stratified.
Simple: one layer, shape, cells touch basement membrane
Stratified: more than one layer, shape of apical cells, some cells rest on top of other and DONT touch basement membrane
what are the typical functions of the Simple Squamous?
- Permit rapid diffusion or transport of a substance
- Secrete serous fluid (water)
what are the typical functions of the Simple cuboidal?
- Absorption
- Secretion
- Mucus production
- Movement
what are the typical functions of the Simple columnar?
- Absorption
- Secretion
- Secretion of mucus
what are the typical functions of the Pseudostratified columnar?
- Secretes and propels mucus
what are the typical functions of the Stratified squamous?
- Resists abrasion
- Retards (slows) water lose through skin
- Resists penetration by pathogenic organisms.
what are the typical functions of the Transitional epithelium?
- Changes from round to flat when stretched
- Allows filling of urnary tract.
What are the characteristics of connective tissue?
- Diverse and abundant type of tissue in which cells occupy less space than matrix (more space than tissue)
- Supports, connects, and protects organs
- Highly variable vascularity meaning that loose tissue has many vessels while cartilage has few to none.
What are the functions of the Areolar connective tissue?
- Loose connective tissue
- Blood vessels provide nutrition to epithelium and waste removal
- Acts as a cushion to protect the organs from various external forces.
- Ready supply of infection fighting leukocytes that move about the tissue
What are the functions of the Adipose tissue?
- It’s fat tissue
- White and brown fat provide heat
- Energy storage
- Insulation
- Cushioning
What are the functions of the Dense regular tissue?
- Strength
- Elasticity
- Holds tissue together
What are the functions of the Dense irregular tissue?
- Withstand unpredictable stresses.
- Support
- Protection
What are the functions of the Reticular tissue?
- Forms supportive stroma for lymphatic organs
- Forming a supporting wall for blood vessels
- Maintaining a strong network for other cell types, as well as for skeletal and nerve fibers
- Filtration of various body fluids in organs like spleen and lymph nodes
- Strength
- Elasticity
- Structural support
What are the functions of the Hyaline cartilage?
- Eases joint movement
- Holds airway open
- Moves vocal cords
- Growth of juvenile long bones
What are the functions of the Fibrocartilage
- Acting as a cushion within joints
2.Providing resilience to joints to bear compressive forces. - reducing stress on joints
- Facilitating joint movements,
- Preventing friction
What are the functions of the Elastic cartilage?
- Provides flexible support
- Elastic support
What are the functions of the Bone connective tissue?
- storing minerals,
- providing internal
- support protecting vital organs
- enabling movement, providing attachment sites for muscles and tendons
What are the functions of the Blood connective tissue?
Transports cells and dissolved matter from place to place
What are the differences among skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle?
Skeletal: Long thin cells that are striated and voluntary plus are primarily attached to bones.
Cardiac: Limited to the heart and are short cells that connect end to end and are straited and unvoluntary
Smooth: Short, involuntary and lacks striations
What are the three types of cell-to-cell junctions?
Tight Junctions, Desmosomes, and Gap Junctions
How are glandular units characterized?
- Specialized epithelial tissue
- Secretion
- Excretion
- Cell or organ
What are the steps of healing tissue trauma?
- Hemostasis (Stop the bleeding)
- Inflammation (Prevent infection)
- Proliferation (Repair the tissue)
- Remodeling (restore tissue strength and function)
