review articles (2)

Question 1

tfh quantities in the GC?

Answer 1

(liu et.al 2023) Tfh cells within GCs have to be limiting in order to maintain selection stringency. Several new mechanisms are found to maintain this limiting condition. Ephrin B1 is expressed by all GC B cells and exerts repulsive effects on all Tfh cells to limit their density in GCs, ensuring stringent affinity selection [34

Question 2

icb examples?

Answer 2

anti-pd-1: Nivolumab Stage III-B or IV Squamous NSCLC
Ipilimumab: CTLA-4
Atezolizumab: PD-L1 (shiravand et.al 2022)
Recent studies have identified several new immune checkpoint targets, such as lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), and so on [29]. These experiments indicated that the blockade of a single immune checkpoint may lead to compensatory upregulation of other checkpoint receptors in TME [30]. (Quin et.al 2019)
The similar compensatory mechanism between TIM-3 and PD-1 was observed in lung cancer [31]. (Saleh et.al 2019)