Review Flashcards
A hematopoietic stem cell can produce new cells that can further differentiate into many different kinds of blood cells but not into other types of cells. Therefore, a hematopoietic stem cell is a _____ stem cell.
Pluripotent
Equatorial division occurs during meiosis I
False
Hollow components of cytoskeleton that help form cilia
Microtubules
Which of the following would be the least abundant element in an organism?
Sodium
Centromeres divide and sister chromatids move to opposite ends of the cell during
Anaphase
Place the following steps in the correct order, from first to last, that they occur during one complete cell cycle
S of Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Cytokinesis
Enzymes belong to this group of chemicals:
Proteins
If cell is damaged or will not divide for a long time, then it can enter:
G0
Telophase is the step in mitosis when the nuclear envelope reassembles and the spindle breaks down.
True
Huntington disease is an autosomal dominant trait that carried on chromosome 4. The genotype of a carrier for Huntington disease would be:
Huntington disease cannot have a carrier because it is a dominantly inherited condition
Apoptosis is a term used to describe:
Cell death
Which of the following would best describe the phenotypes of individuals for a recessively inherited disease
Disease is expressed only in individuals that are homozygous for the recessive allele
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells) could be derived from:
Adult somatic cells that are treated with specific factors
Which of the following is not a reason that single-gene (Mendelian) diseases differ from other diseases?
Traditional drug therapies are not effective
The genome of a somatic cell could be described as haploid.
False
Which of the following would best describe the phenotypes of individuals for a dominantly inherited disease?
Disease is expressed in individuals that are homozygous for the dominant allele and in heterozygous individuals.
disease carrier is:
any person who is heterozygous for a recessively inherited disease
DNA & RNA are examples of this group
Nucleic Acid
primary difference between a stem cell and a progenitor cell is that a stem cell can regenerate itself but a progenitor cell cannot.
True
A primary spermatocyte is diploid but a secondary spermatocyte is haploid
True
In the somatic cells of one individual, the two alleles for a given gene are:
located at the same location on each of the two homologous chromosomes
Before mitosis can occur, each chromosome must be replicated. The two copies of a chromsome are referred to as:
Sister chromatids
The two alleles for a given gene in one individual:
May be different or the same
A gene is a:
Sequence of DNA (series of DNA bases) that is a code for a specific protein
The component of the cytoskeleton that is primarily used to provide cells with mechanical strength and connect cells together to form tissues
Intermediate Filaments
Sister chromatids are separated from each other during:
Both mitosis and meiosis 2
The composition of the plasma membrane and other lipid bilayers allows hydrophilic molecules to easily pass through it, while preventing hydrophobic molecules from passing.
False
fertilized egg (zygote) would be considered
Totipotent
How many alleles for any given gene are found in a reproductive cell (sperm or egg)?
1
The study of inherited traits and their variations
Genetics
Transmission of traits and biological information between generations
Heredity
Molecule that stores information and is the molecular basis of genetics
DNA
The basic unit of heredity that contains the instructions to make a specific protein
Gene
All of the DNA that constitutes an organism
Genome
chromosome that does not contain sex determining genes
Autosome
Photograph of all a cell’s chromosomes stained and arranged in order from largest to smallest
Karyotype
Alternative forms of the same gene
Alleles
Traits that are determined by the alleles of a single gene
Mendelian Traits
Visible or measurable traits that result from expression of an allele
Phenotype
One copy of allele is needed for phenotype to occur
Dominant
Involves sequencing all of the DNA from a complex sample that may contain DNA from many different organisms.
Metagenomics
