Review

Question 1

Bandura, self efficacy beliefs have four sources

Answer 1

prior accomplishments, observation of others, verbal persuasion, emotional & physiological states

Question 2

Ebbinghaus memorized lists of nonsense syllables when studying memory. Results of his research indicated
that:

Answer 2

Rote learning of syllables tends to lead to rapid forgetting.

Question 3

Describe the DSM 5 Diagnostic criteria for Binge eating Disorder

Answer 3

Recurrent & persistent episodes of binge eating
1 episode weekly for at least 3 months
Marked distress
Absence of compensatory behavior ( eg. purging)

Question 4

The highest levels of learning & performance are usually associated with

Answer 4

Moderate level of arousal ( Yerkes- Dodson Law)

Question 5

A problem with establishing comparable worth is that :

Answer 5

The job evaluation techniques themselves may be biased

Question 6

In terms of incremental validity, which situations most support the use of a new predictor?

Answer 6

A moderate base rate with many applicants and a few job openings.

Question 7

Major Neurocognitive Disorder due to HIV infection has been linked to abnormalities in what structure of the brain?

Answer 7

Putamen and striatum ( due to decreased dopamine transporters)
Both are part of the basal ganglia, which is involved in voluntary motor activity.

Question 8

Neurocognitive Disorder due to HIV infection includes impairments in what ?

Answer 8

Motor functioning ( eg. tremors and clumsiness)

Question 9

The majority of synapses in the human nervous system are ________ synapses.

Answer 9

Chemical synapses

That involves the release of a neurotransmitter

Question 10

What are characteristic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 10

Resting tremor, slowed movement (bradykinesia), rigidity, and impaired balance and coordination

Question 11

SUDS (Subjective Units of Distress Scale)

Answer 11

The client rates his/her level of anxiety on a scale ranging from 1 to 100 (or from 1 to 10) at regular intervals during exposure.
A single exposure session should continue until a 50% reduction in anxiety level occurs

Question 12

Flooding involves:

Answer 12

Exposing the client to high anxiety-arousing situations.

Anxiety level is regularly monitored to determine the progress of the exposure during a single session/ and or over multiple sessions.

Question 13

If a psychologist is requested by a defense attorney to evaluate and testify about a defendant for the purpose of establishing the defense of insanity, the psychologist should:

Answer 13

Psychologist’s would want to refrain from concluding whether or not the defendant is “insane,” You can testify about the client’s mental state at the time of the crime. Privilege is waived when a defendant claims insanity, the defendant should be informed of the limits of confidentiality prior to the evaluation.

Question 14

A practitioner of Minuchin’s structural family therapy uses what strategy to alter the hierarchical relationships within a family system or subsystem?

Answer 14

Unbalancing is used by structural family therapists.

It may involve affiliating, ignoring or entering into a coalition with a family member against another member.

Question 15

Q 1. The basal ganglia is involved in the regulation of movement and consists of other structures, including what ?
Q 2. Abnormalities in these structures have been linked to ?

Answer 15

A1. Caudate Nucleus and Globus Pallidus

A2. ADHD

Question 16

Studies comparing the age at which gays and lesbians first disclose their sexual orientation to a friend, family member, or other person have found that:

Answer 16

The average age of disclosure for gay men and lesbians are not significantly different.

Question 17

When attempting to expand your private practice, it is important to keep in mind that in-person solicitations:

Answer 17

Are unethical when they include deceptive information or when the person solicited is susceptible to undue influence.

Question 18

A new selection test is having an adverse impact on females. To determine if the adverse impact is being caused by “unfairness,” you would check:

Answer 18

the criterion (performance) scores obtained by males and females.

Question 19

Unfairness occurs when:

Answer 19

The validity coefficients and criterion performance for two groups are similar but members of the groups perform differently on the predictor.

Question 20

Organizational culture exists on which of the following three levels?

Answer 20

observable artifacts, values and beliefs, and underlying assumptions.

Question 21

One prediction of goal-setting theory, with regard to task difficulty, the studies have shown that:

Answer 21

The less complex the task, the stronger the link between goal difficulty and productivity.

Question 22

The central executive controls and regulates three specialized “slave” systems, what are they:

Answer 22

The phonological loop
Visuo-spatial sketchpad
Episodic buffer

Question 23

The central executive serves a number of supervisory functions including:

Answer 23

Focusing and switching attention

Controlling encoding and retrieval strategies

Question 24

Up to _____% of new mothers exhibit “baby blues,” a less severe condition that involves mood swings and sleep disturbances.

Answer 24

80 % of new mothers do experience some degree of post-partum “blues.”

Question 25

When using Atkinson, Morten, and Sue’s (1993) Racial/Cultural Identity Development Model, a person’s stage of identity development is determined by:

Answer 25

Assessing his/her attitudes toward the minority and majority cultures.

Question 26

In training, “identical elements” is most useful for ___ and refers to ___ ?

Answer 26

Transfer of training

When learning conditions are similar to performance conditions

Question 27

An African American individual in the immersion substage of the immersion-emersion stage of Cross’s (1991) Black Racial Identity Development Model will exhibit which of the following?

Answer 27

Intense involvement in African American culture

Question 28

The APA’s Guidelines for Test User Qualifications recommend that:

Answer 28

You obtain legal advice regarding the administration and use of a test if
developed or normed for a different population/purpose, then what you intend.

Question 29

According to John D. Krumboltz (1996), career development and career choice are related primarily to:

Answer 29

Social Learning i.e., modelling and other aspects of the social environment. His theory is referred to as the Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making (SLTCDM)

Question 30

Punishment is used to reduce undesirable behaviors & is most effective when used:

Answer 30

In conjunction with reinforcement for alternate desirable behaviors.

Question 31

For most children, expressions of pride, shame, and guilt are first evident by ________ months of age.

Answer 31

Empathy, jealousy, and embarrassment emerge at about 18 to 24 months of age and are followed by pride, shame, and guilt at about 30 months.

Question 32

For Carl Jung, transference is:

Answer 32

elements of the client’s personal and collective unconscious are projected onto the therapist.

Question 33

As defined by Wrenn (1985), a “culturally encapsulated” counselor:

Answer 33

disregards cultural differences and defines everyone’s reality according to his/her own cultural assumptions and stereotypes.

Question 34

Nonsexist therapy, in comparison to feminist therapy, places greater emphasis on:

Answer 34

modification of personal behaviour

Question 35

What is NOT included as an Alcohol-Related Disorder in the DSM-5?

Answer 35

Alcohol Dependence

Question 36

In comparison to bilateral ECT, unilateral ECT to the right (non dominant) hemisphere an individual will experience:

Answer 36

Memory loss, retrograde amnesia, also anterograde amnesia for verbal and nonverbal tasks.

Question 37

Eysenck research concluded :

Answer 37

Effects of psychotherapy “small” or “non existent”. Any positive effects may be due to spontaneous remission

Question 38

Smith, Glass & Miller research concluded:

Answer 38

The average therapy client is better off than 80% of those who need therapy but remain untreated.

Question 39

Howard et al. research concluded:

Answer 39

Dose Dependent effect: the relationship between treatment length and outcome. 75% improvement at about 26 sessions, 85% at 52 sessions.

Question 40

Research on Biofeedback show that :

Answer 40

• It’s equally effective as relaxation is for hypertension, -tension headache & lower back pain.
• Thermal biofeedback + relaxation is BEST for migraines.
• Thermal biofeedback better by its self for Raynaud’s disease

Question 41

What is Reciprocal Determinism?

Answer 41

a person’s behavior both influences and is influenced by personal factors and the social environment.

Question 42

Toleman’s Latent Learning :

Answer 42

Learning can occur without reinforcement.

Eg: rats in a complex maze, formed cognitive maps of the maze without being rewarded to do so.

Question 43

Kohler’s Insight Learning :

Answer 43

An “aha” moment. The ability to apply previous learning in different ways to solve unfamiliar problems.

Question 44

Observational Learning Theory:

Answer 44

(Bandura), learning occurs without vicarious or external reinforcement.
When used to treat phobias, Participant Modelling is most effective.

Question 45

A therapist instructs a client who suffers from insomnia to polish his hardwood floors for at least two hours whenever he wakes up during the night. this is the work of:

Answer 45

paradoxical techniques and ordeals associated with Milton Erickson and Jay Haley (who was strongly influenced by Erickson).

Question 46

In the context of Freudian psychoanalysis, the goal of confrontation is to:

Answer 46

makes a statement or asks a question that connects the client’s behavior to an unconscious motivation or conflict.

Question 47

From a psychoanalytic perspective, a phobia is:

Answer 47

an externalization of a forbidden impulse.

Question 48

An African American therapy client exhibiting the “split-self syndrome” as a response to racial oppression will most likely:

Answer 48

evaluate oneself against White standards.

Question 49

Ho (1987) and others have recommended the use of a(n) __________ approach when working with African American therapy clients.

Answer 49

Boyd-Franklin refers to this approach as a “multisystems model,” Ho uses the term “ecostructural.

Question 50

A client has a strong need for attention, power and desire to get even with anyone who he thinks has wronged him. Therapy based on the work of which of the following would be best suited for this client ?

Answer 50

Adler, people are motivated primarily by the need to belong (i.e., by social interest). However, this need may be misdirected into one of four goals: attention, power, revenge, or to display inadequacy.

Question 51

As described by Sue and Zane (1987), when working with Asian American clients, “gift-giving”:

Answer 51

Examples of “gifts” that can be given during initial therapy sessions include normalizing the client’s distress, instilling a sense of hopefulness, and identifying concrete and mutually agreed upon goals.

Question 52

When working with an African American client exhibiting “healthy cultural paranoia,” an Anglo therapist would be best advised to:

Answer 52

Bring his/her feelings into conscious awareness and help the client clarify when appropriate or inappropriate to self-disclose.

Question 53

The purpose of the Family Map in Minuchin’s Structural Family Therapy:

Answer 53

To clarify the nature of boundaries within the family system.

Question 54

Neo-Piagetian theories of cognitive development differ from Piaget’s theory in terms of their:

Answer 54

Emphasis on information processing

Question 55

Name 5 things about Reciprocal Determinism?

Answer 55

Bandura, Social Learning Theory, ( persons behavior, their cognition & affect & environment)

Question 56

Split half reliability

Answer 56

Internal consistency.

Dividing it into two groups ( even & odd) will produce two test measures that give results identical to each other.

Question 57

Test retest reliability

Answer 57

The extent to which an assessment measure gives the same results when given to the same people more than once.
Eg. If high - results will be the same
If low - different
The longer the interval btwn tests the lower the test retest