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Cell transport Review > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

Active transport: Requires energy input by the cell

A

Yes

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2
Q

Active transport: Molecules move with (down) a concentration gradient

A

No

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3
Q

Active transport: Moves molecules against (up) a concentration gradient.

A

Yes

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4
Q

Active transport: Always involves channel (membrane-spanning) proteins

A

Yes

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5
Q

Active transport: Molecules pass between the phospholipids

A

No

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6
Q

Active transport: Moves ions like Na” and K”

A

Yes

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7
Q

Active transport: Moves large molecules

A

Yes

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8
Q

Active transport: Moves small nonpolar and polar molecules

A

No

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9
Q

Diffusion: Requires energy input by the cell

A

No

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10
Q

Diffusion: Molecules move with (down) a concentration gradient

A

Yes

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11
Q

Diffusion: Moves molecules against (up) a concentration gradient.

A

No

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12
Q

Diffusion: Always involves channel (membrane-spanning) proteins

A

No

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13
Q

Diffusion: Molecules pass between the phospholipids

A

Yes

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14
Q

Diffusion: Moves ions like Na” and K”

A

No

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15
Q

Diffusion: Moves large molecules

A

No

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16
Q

Diffusion: Moves small nonpolar and polar molecules

A

Yes

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17
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Requires energy input by the cell

A

No

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18
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Molecules move with (down) a concentration gradient

A

Yes

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19
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Moves molecules against (up) a concentration gradient.

A

No

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20
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Always involves channel (membrane-spanning) proteins

A

Yes

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21
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Molecules pass between the phospholipids

A

No

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22
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Moves ions like Na” and K”

A

Yes

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23
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Moves large molecules

A

Yes

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24
Q

Facilitated Diffusion: Moves small nonpolar and polar molecules

A

No

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25
Q

Homeostasis- Staying balanced

A
  • Cells need to get nutrients and water

- Cells need to eliminate wastes

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26
Q

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable-

A

-Allows some things to pass through while blocking other things.

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27
Q

Phospholipid-

Phosphate head:

A
  • polar

- hydrophilic

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28
Q

Two fatty acid tails

A
  • non- polar
  • hydrophobic
  • water-fearing
  • hide from water.
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29
Q

The lipid bilayer is?

A

-2 flowing layers of phospholipids with proteins embedded

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30
Q

Other names for the lipid bilayer……

A

Plasma membrane
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
Phospholipid bilayer

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31
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a Membrane enclose nucleus?

A

Yes

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32
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a nucleolus?

A

Yes

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33
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a mitochondrion?

A

Yes

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34
Q

Do Eukaryotes have ribosomes?

A

Yes

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35
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a cell membrane?

A

Yes

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36
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a cell wall?

A

Yes and No (in some eukaryotes but not all)

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37
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a nucleoid?

A

No

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38
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a Capsule?

A

No

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39
Q

Do Eukaryotes have a flagellum?

A

No

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40
Q

Do prokaryotes have a nucleoid?

A

Yes

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41
Q

Do prokaryotes have a capsule?

A

Yes and No (some prokaryotes have them but not all)

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42
Q

Do prokaryotes have a flagellum?

A

Yes

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43
Q

Do prokaryotes have a cell wall?

A

Yes

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44
Q

Do prokaryotes have a cell membrane?

A

Yes

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45
Q

Do prokaryotes have ribosomes?

A

Yes

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46
Q

Fatty acid tails are? (Are made up of? and do they need the charge of the water or not?

A

Carbon and hydrogen / no charge of water

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47
Q

The 3 sections of the cell membrane are? (have to do with phospholipids)

A

Polar heads
Nonpolar tails
Polar heads

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48
Q

_______ keep the fatty acid tails from sticking

A

Cholesterol

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49
Q

_________ help certain molecules cross membrane

A

Transport proteins

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50
Q

________ made of protein and carbohydrate molecules; act as markers that help cells communicate and recognize each other.

A

Glycoproteins

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51
Q

_____- movement of particles from an area of _____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration

A

DIFFUSION- the movement of particles from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration.

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52
Q

_______________- a difference between concentrations in a space

A

CONCENTRATION GRADIENT- a difference between concentrations in a space.

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53
Q

Continues until an ________ is reached (no gradient)

A

continues until an EQUILIBRIUM is reached (no gradient)

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54
Q

Then it has _______ particles move freely and are evenly distributed

A

Then it has DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM particles move freely and are evenly distributed.

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55
Q

Osmosis is the _________ across a selectively permeable membrane.

A

Osmosis is the DIFFUSION OF WATER across a selectively permeable membrane.

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56
Q

Occurs unitl water/solute ratio is balanced on both sides of the memebran (____________)

A

Occurs until water/solute ratio is balanced on both sides of the membrane EQUILIBRIUM

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57
Q

Most molecules are too big to get across the membrane (now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)

A

Most M____ are too B___ to get A___ the M______.

58
Q

Water is smaller and able to move more freely

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

W___ is S____ and able to M____ more F____.

59
Q

Small things can pass through but large things cannot

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

S___ things can P___ T____ but L____ things C_____.

60
Q

Water will tend to diffuse its self

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

WATER ____ ____ __ ______ __ ____

61
Q

An isotonic solution is?

A

The concentration of dissolved particles is the same on both sides of the membrane.

62
Q

D____ N____ C_____ O_____

A

Does Not Cause Osmosi

63
Q

Movement of water into cell ______ movement out of cell (_____________)

A

Movement of water into the cell EQUALS movement out of the cell (dynamic equilibrium).

64
Q

ISO = ?

A

EQUAL

65
Q

Isotonic is?

A

Water moving in and out at the same rate

66
Q

The salt?

A

The salt is equal and moves in and out freely

67
Q

Hypotonic Solution is a lower concentration of dissolved particles _________ than inside the cell.

A

Lower concentration of dissolved particles OUTSIDE THE CELL than inside the cell.

68
Q

(Hypo) Water moves _____

A

Water moves INTO CELL

69
Q

Cells swell and internal pressure rises =

A

Hypotonic

70
Q

Animal cells may burst, plants cells become firm (cell wall)=

A

Hypotonic

71
Q

WORDS OF WISDOM (DON’T SKIP PAST THIS CARD NO MATTER HOW MUCH YOU WANT TO!!!)

NO REALLY FLIP THE CARD OVER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

A

Look where you are, you are studying for this dang science test but are you giving up? NO. Your working your butt off so you can get a decently fantastic grade on the test! Now take a few deep breathes and if you are like Cici who hates anything mindful then run around your room, look at the ceiling, drink exactly 13 ounces of water, or watch some youtube video on something medical-related, or go do something for a few seconds to just take a small break. Do whatever makes you happy, and realize that what you are doing is great, your using your time well, your studying and your not going to give up! Remeber that science or Biology is just a class that you are taking. Meaning that it’s 1 out of the 7-9 classes that you are taking which means that as much as you are studying for this science test that’s the amount of time you need to study for your math and english, etc. tests as well you know? Now back to business and it’s probably only me reading these cards, but if it was someone else, I hope I helped for a sec. look on life a bit. But more importantly, don’t give up because you don’t quit and we all know that second place (95% and below) is first loser which isn’t that good so what are going for? 1st place (95.5% and above) which we all want so why not go for it? Anyways keep going and treading through these cards………………………….. (P.s the next time you come across this card just skip over it if you want to or read it again!

72
Q

Hypertonic is the concentrations of dissolved particles are ______________ than inside the cell.

A

Hypertonic is the concentrations of dissolved particles OUTSIDE THE CELL than inside the cell.

73
Q

Water leaves the cell=

A

Hypertonic

74
Q

Cell shrinks because of lower pressure=

A

Hypertonic

75
Q

A hypertonic environment is:

A

The solute concentration is greater outside the cell; the free water concentration is greater inside. Free water flows out of the cell.

76
Q

Water is a single water molecule is made of two elements _______ and _______

A

Water is a single water molecule is made of two elements OXYGEN and HYDROGEN

77
Q

The chemical formula for water is _____

A

The chemical formula for water is H20

78
Q

Two hydrogen atoms ___________ to an oxygen atom

A

Two hydrogen atoms COVALENTY BONDED to an oxygen atom.

79
Q

Fun fact: the water molecules looks like???

A

MICKEY MOUSE duh!

80
Q

Covalent bonds are electrons that are _______ between atoms.

A

Covalent bonds are electrons that are SHARED between atoms.

81
Q

Waters is a _________ molecule

A

Waters is a POLAR molecule

82
Q

SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE CHARGE ON THE OXYGEN ATOM

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

S________ N________ C______ O_ T__ O_____ A____

83
Q

SLIGHTLY POSITIVE CHARGE ON THE HYDROGEN ATOM

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

S_______ P_______ C_____ O_ T____ H______ A____``

84
Q

The Polar Covalent bond in water is due to the ___________________ OF ____________ between the oxygen and hydrogen.

A

The Polar Covalent bond in water is due to the UNEVEN SHARING of ELECTRONS between the oxygen and hydrogen.

85
Q

Mickey Mouse’s ears have a ______ __________ __________

A

Mickey Mouse’s ears have a PARTIAL POSITIVE CHARGE.

86
Q

Mickey Mouse’s head has a _________ ___________ _________

A

Mickey Mouse’s ears have a PARTIAL NEGATIVE CHARGE.

87
Q

BECAUSE OF IT’S POLARITY……… Water molecules are attracted to each other (like magnets. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE END)
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)

A

B_______ O_____ I_____ P______……… W______ m_______ a______ a______ t_ e_____ o_____ (L_____ m_______. P_______ A_____ N_______ E____)

88
Q

The bond formed ______ water molecules is a HYDROGEN BOND

A

The bond formed BETWEEN water molecules is a HYDROGEN BOND.

89
Q

Hydrogen bonds are WEAKER than covalent bonds

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

H______ b_______ a_____ W______ t_____ c______ b_______.

90
Q

POLARITY CAUSES C________

A

POLARITY CAUSES COHESION

91
Q

COHESION: The Attraction of water molecules to each other.

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

COHESION: The a_____ o_ w_____ m_____ t_ e_____ o_____.

92
Q

The cohesion of water molecules results in __________________. A measure of the strength of the surface of the water.

A

The cohesion of water molecules results in SURFACE TENSION. A measure of the strength of the surface of the water.

93
Q

POLARITY CAUSES A__________

A

POLARITY CAUSES ADHESION

94
Q

Water is also attracted to the positive and negative charges of _______ ___________. THIS IS CALLED _________

A

Water is also attracted to the positive and negative charge of OTHER SUBSTANCES. THIS IS CALLED ADHESION.

95
Q

ADHESION AND COHESION WORK TOGETHER IN CAPILLARY ACTION.

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

A_____ A___ C______ W_____ T_____ I_ C________ A_______.

96
Q

C_______ A______ is the movement of water through a thin tube (like the xylem of plants)

A

CAPILLARY ACTION is the movement of water through a thin tube (like the xylem of plants)

97
Q

Water molecules “T__” each other U_ the tube clinging to the S______ of the tube and E_____ O_____.

A

Water molecules “TOW” each other UP the tube clinging to the SURFACE of the tube and EACH OTHER.

98
Q

Water is the “UNIVERSAL SOLVENT”

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

WATER IS THE: “ __________ _________ “

99
Q

Due to it’’s polarity, water can ________ more substances than any other liquid

A

Due to its polarity, water can DISSOLVE more substances than and other liquid.

100
Q

Dissolved substances ( S______, S_____, AND, G______) are able to move in and out of the cells

A

Dissolved substances (SUGARS, SALTS, AND, GASES) are able to move in and out of the cells.

101
Q

WATER HAS A HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT or ______ ________

A

WATER HAS A HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT OR HEAT CAPACITY

102
Q

S______ H______ = Amount of heat needed to rais or lower 1g of a substance 1 degree C

A

SPECIFIC HEAT = Amount of heat needed to rais or lower 1g of a substance 1 degree C

103
Q

Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat energy with little change in actual temperature.
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)

A

W_____ c_____ a_____ o_ r_____ l____ a______ o_ h___ e_____ w____ l_____ c_____ i____ a_____ t_________.

104
Q

Water ______ temperature change.

A

Water RESISTS temperature change.

105
Q

HIGH HEAT CAPACITY OR HEAT CAPACITY
Is important for moderating earth’s climate
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)

A

HIGH HEAT CAPACITY OR HEAT CAPACITY

I_____ f____ m ______ e______ c_______

106
Q

Important for evaporative ________

A

Important for evaporative COOLING

107
Q

The more water we have the more moderate the temperature will be.

A

The more _____ we have the more ______ the __________ will be.

108
Q

WATER IS LESS DENSE AS A SOLID

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

WATER IS _______ ______ as a ________

109
Q

Frozen water forms a crystal-like lattice so m_______ are set at f_____ d______

A

Frozen water forms a crystal-like lattice so MOLECULES are set at FIXED DISTANCES

110
Q

Ice is less dense as a solid than as a liquid

now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*

A

Ice is ____ dense as a ____ than as a _____

111
Q

Water’s role in HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)

A

Water’s role in H________

H_______: Maintaining a ____ internal ______

112
Q

Water’s role in HOMEOSTASIS

T_____ dissolved gases (O______ and C_____ D______)

A

TRANSPORTS dissolved gases (OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE)

113
Q

Water’s role in HOMEOSTASIS

Transports W_____ and T_____ for removal

A

Transports WASTES and TOXINS for removal

114
Q

Water’s role in HOMEOSTASIS

Is the M______ for C______ reactions to take place

A

Is the MEDIUM for CHEMICAL reactions to take place.

115
Q

Water’s role in HOMEOSTASIS

R______ temperature fluctuations

A

RESISTS temperature fluctuations

116
Q

Water’s role in HOMEOSTASIS

Essential for E________ C_________

A

Essential for EVAPORATIVE COOLING

117
Q

Cellular transports is: Movement across the Plasma Membrane

Membrane- spanning proteins require because diffusion is not possible

A

Cellular ______ ___: Movement a_____ the P_____ M_______

Membrane- s______ p______ require because d______ is _____ p______.

118
Q

Passive Transport = No _____ _______

A

Passive Transport = No ENERGY NEEDED

119
Q

Passive Transport

Moves From _____ to _____ concentration

A

Moves from HIGH to LOW concentrations

120
Q

Passive Transport

Small dissolved particles can travel by ________ and ___________________

A

Small dissolved particles can travel by DIFFUSION and PROTEIN CHANNELS.

121
Q

Passive Transport

Larger molecules travel by ________ __________

A

Larger molecules travel by FACILITATED DIFFUSION.

122
Q

Passive Transport

Facilitated Diffusion uses ____________________________ to allow larger molecules (S_____, A______) through.

A

Facilitated Diffusion uses Transport/Carrier Proteins to allow larger molecules (SUGAR, AMINO ACIDS) through.

123
Q

Passive Transport

C_______ P______ change shape to let molecules in

A

CARRIER PROTEINS change shape to let molecules in.

124
Q

P______ C_______ do N__ change shape

A

PROTEIN CHANNELS do NOT change shape.

125
Q

Active Transport

Energy (___) is needed

A

Energy (ATP) is needed

126
Q

Active Transport
Move particles ______ concentration gradient
(From ____ to ____ concentrations)

A

Move particles AGAINST concentration gradient

From LOW to HIGH concentrations

127
Q

Active Transport
steps of active transport for a TRANSPORT PROTEIN that requires energy
1.) Transport P______ B____ with M______
2.) Chemical E_______ is R_______ and transport protein to C_____ S_____
3.) Molecule is moved to the O______ S______ of the M______
4.) Once molecule is R_______, proteins O______ shape is restored

A
  1. ) Transport PROTEIN BINDS with MOLECULES
  2. )Chemical ENERGY is RELEASED and transport protein to CHANGE SHAPE
  3. ) The molecule is moved to the OTHER SIDE of the MEMBRANE
  4. ) Once the molecule is RELEASED, the proteins ORIGINAL shape is restored.
128
Q

Active Transport

Endocytosis: Cell M______ surrounds and T_____ in material from E___________ forming a V_____

A

Endocytosis: Cell MEMBRANE surrounds and TAKES in material form ENVIRONMENT forming a VESICLE.

129
Q

EXOCYTOSIS: V______ combines with C_____ M_______ and E_____ waste.

A

EXOXYTOSIS: VESICLE combines with CELL MEMBRANE and EXPELS waste.

130
Q

Simple diffusion = Small P____ or a N_______ molecule such as W_____, O______, C___________, can simply D_______ through the M______ between the P______________.

A

Small POLAR or a NONPOLAR molecule such as WATER, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, can simply DIFFUSE through the MEMBRANE between the PHOSPHOLIPIDS.

131
Q

Carrier mediated = Allows something to pass through it/ will change its shape/ and it’s still passive which means it does not require energy from the cell.
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)

A

C_____ M______ = Allows something to P____ through I_/ Will C____ its S_____/ and it’s S____ P_____ which means it D____ N____ R____ E______ from the C____.

132
Q

Channel Protein = always open but usually only applies to a certain kind of molecule that is passive and has diffusion high to low concentration.

A

C______ P______ = Always O____ but usually only A_____ to a C___ kind of M_____ that is P______ and has D______ H____ to L_____ C_____________.

133
Q

90%H2O & 10% Solute INSIDE

85% H2O & 15 % Solute OUTSIDE

Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?

A

HYPERTONIC

134
Q

90% H2O & 10% Solute INSIDE

90% H2O & 10% Solute OUTSIDE

Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?

A

ISOTONIC

135
Q

25% H2O & 75% Solute OUTSIDE

82% H2O & 18% Solute INSIDE

Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?

A

HYPERTONIC

136
Q

45% H2O & 55% Solute INSIDE

75% H2O & 25% Solute OUTSIDE

Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?

A

HYPOTONIC

137
Q

50% H2O & 50% Solute OUTSIDE

50% H2O & 50% Solute INSIDE

Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?

A

ISOTONIC

138
Q

40% H2O & 60% Solute INSIDE

90% H2O & 10% Solute OUTSIDE

Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?

A

HYPOTONIC

139
Q

Pro = B______

A

Pro = BEOFRE

140
Q

Karyon = N_____ or K______

A

Karyon = NUCLEUS or KERNEL

141
Q

EU = T_____

A

EU = TRUE

142
Q

What is the Cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is the LIQUID

Cell transport Review (1 decks)

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