Review Flashcards
1
Q
Active transport: Requires energy input by the cell
A
Yes
2
Q
Active transport: Molecules move with (down) a concentration gradient
A
No
3
Q
Active transport: Moves molecules against (up) a concentration gradient.
A
Yes
4
Q
Active transport: Always involves channel (membrane-spanning) proteins
A
Yes
5
Q
Active transport: Molecules pass between the phospholipids
A
No
6
Q
Active transport: Moves ions like Na” and K”
A
Yes
7
Q
Active transport: Moves large molecules
A
Yes
8
Q
Active transport: Moves small nonpolar and polar molecules
A
No
9
Q
Diffusion: Requires energy input by the cell
A
No
10
Q
Diffusion: Molecules move with (down) a concentration gradient
A
Yes
11
Q
Diffusion: Moves molecules against (up) a concentration gradient.
A
No
12
Q
Diffusion: Always involves channel (membrane-spanning) proteins
A
No
13
Q
Diffusion: Molecules pass between the phospholipids
A
Yes
14
Q
Diffusion: Moves ions like Na” and K”
A
No
15
Q
Diffusion: Moves large molecules
A
No
16
Q
Diffusion: Moves small nonpolar and polar molecules
A
Yes
17
Q
Facilitated Diffusion: Requires energy input by the cell
A
No
18
Q
Facilitated Diffusion: Molecules move with (down) a concentration gradient
A
Yes
19
Q
Facilitated Diffusion: Moves molecules against (up) a concentration gradient.
A
No
20
Q
Facilitated Diffusion: Always involves channel (membrane-spanning) proteins
A
Yes
21
Q
Facilitated Diffusion: Molecules pass between the phospholipids
A
No
22
Q
Facilitated Diffusion: Moves ions like Na” and K”
A
Yes
23
Q
Facilitated Diffusion: Moves large molecules
A
Yes
24
Q
Facilitated Diffusion: Moves small nonpolar and polar molecules
A
No
25
Homeostasis- Staying balanced
- Cells need to get nutrients and water
| - Cells need to eliminate wastes
26
The plasma membrane is selectively permeable-
-Allows some things to pass through while blocking other things.
27
Phospholipid-
| Phosphate head:
- polar
| - hydrophilic
28
Two fatty acid tails
- non- polar
- hydrophobic
- water-fearing
- hide from water.
29
The lipid bilayer is?
-2 flowing layers of phospholipids with proteins embedded
30
Other names for the lipid bilayer......
Plasma membrane
Cell membrane
Nuclear membrane
Phospholipid bilayer
31
Do Eukaryotes have a Membrane enclose nucleus?
Yes
32
Do Eukaryotes have a nucleolus?
Yes
33
Do Eukaryotes have a mitochondrion?
Yes
34
Do Eukaryotes have ribosomes?
Yes
35
Do Eukaryotes have a cell membrane?
Yes
36
Do Eukaryotes have a cell wall?
Yes and No (in some eukaryotes but not all)
37
Do Eukaryotes have a nucleoid?
No
38
Do Eukaryotes have a Capsule?
No
39
Do Eukaryotes have a flagellum?
No
40
Do prokaryotes have a nucleoid?
Yes
41
Do prokaryotes have a capsule?
Yes and No (some prokaryotes have them but not all)
42
Do prokaryotes have a flagellum?
Yes
43
Do prokaryotes have a cell wall?
Yes
44
Do prokaryotes have a cell membrane?
Yes
45
Do prokaryotes have ribosomes?
Yes
46
Fatty acid tails are? (Are made up of? and do they need the charge of the water or not?
Carbon and hydrogen / no charge of water
47
The 3 sections of the cell membrane are? (have to do with phospholipids)
Polar heads
Nonpolar tails
Polar heads
48
_______ keep the fatty acid tails from sticking
Cholesterol
49
_________ help certain molecules cross membrane
Transport proteins
50
________ made of protein and carbohydrate molecules; act as markers that help cells communicate and recognize each other.
Glycoproteins
51
_____- movement of particles from an area of _____ concentration to an area of ____ concentration
DIFFUSION- the movement of particles from an area of HIGH concentration to an area of LOW concentration.
52
_______________- a difference between concentrations in a space
CONCENTRATION GRADIENT- a difference between concentrations in a space.
53
Continues until an ________ is reached (no gradient)
continues until an EQUILIBRIUM is reached (no gradient)
54
Then it has _______ particles move freely and are evenly distributed
Then it has DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM particles move freely and are evenly distributed.
55
Osmosis is the _________ across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis is the DIFFUSION OF WATER across a selectively permeable membrane.
56
Occurs unitl water/solute ratio is balanced on both sides of the memebran (____________)
Occurs until water/solute ratio is balanced on both sides of the membrane EQUILIBRIUM
57
Most molecules are too big to get across the membrane (now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)
Most M____ are too B___ to get A___ the M______.
58
Water is smaller and able to move more freely
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
W___ is S____ and able to M____ more F____.
59
Small things can pass through but large things cannot
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
S___ things can P___ T____ but L____ things C_____.
60
Water will tend to diffuse its self
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
WATER ____ ____ __ ______ __ ____
61
An isotonic solution is?
The concentration of dissolved particles is the same on both sides of the membrane.
62
D____ N____ C_____ O_____
Does Not Cause Osmosi
63
Movement of water into cell ______ movement out of cell (_____________)
Movement of water into the cell EQUALS movement out of the cell (dynamic equilibrium).
64
ISO = ?
EQUAL
65
Isotonic is?
Water moving in and out at the same rate
66
The salt?
The salt is equal and moves in and out freely
67
Hypotonic Solution is a lower concentration of dissolved particles _________ than inside the cell.
Lower concentration of dissolved particles OUTSIDE THE CELL than inside the cell.
68
(Hypo) Water moves _____
Water moves INTO CELL
69
Cells swell and internal pressure rises =
Hypotonic
70
Animal cells may burst, plants cells become firm (cell wall)=
Hypotonic
71
WORDS OF WISDOM (DON'T SKIP PAST THIS CARD NO MATTER HOW MUCH YOU WANT TO!!!)
NO REALLY FLIP THE CARD OVER!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Look where you are, you are studying for this dang science test but are you giving up? NO. Your working your butt off so you can get a decently fantastic grade on the test! Now take a few deep breathes and if you are like Cici who hates anything mindful then run around your room, look at the ceiling, drink exactly 13 ounces of water, or watch some youtube video on something medical-related, or go do something for a few seconds to just take a small break. Do whatever makes you happy, and realize that what you are doing is great, your using your time well, your studying and your not going to give up! Remeber that science or Biology is just a class that you are taking. Meaning that it's 1 out of the 7-9 classes that you are taking which means that as much as you are studying for this science test that's the amount of time you need to study for your math and english, etc. tests as well you know? Now back to business and it's probably only me reading these cards, but if it was someone else, I hope I helped for a sec. look on life a bit. But more importantly, don't give up because you don't quit and we all know that second place (95% and below) is first loser which isn't that good so what are going for? 1st place (95.5% and above) which we all want so why not go for it? Anyways keep going and treading through these cards................................ (P.s the next time you come across this card just skip over it if you want to or read it again!
72
Hypertonic is the concentrations of dissolved particles are ______________ than inside the cell.
Hypertonic is the concentrations of dissolved particles OUTSIDE THE CELL than inside the cell.
73
Water leaves the cell=
Hypertonic
74
Cell shrinks because of lower pressure=
Hypertonic
75
A hypertonic environment is:
The solute concentration is greater outside the cell; the free water concentration is greater inside. Free water flows out of the cell.
76
Water is a single water molecule is made of two elements _______ and _______
Water is a single water molecule is made of two elements OXYGEN and HYDROGEN
77
The chemical formula for water is _____
The chemical formula for water is H20
78
Two hydrogen atoms ___________ to an oxygen atom
Two hydrogen atoms COVALENTY BONDED to an oxygen atom.
79
Fun fact: the water molecules looks like???
MICKEY MOUSE duh!
80
Covalent bonds are electrons that are _______ between atoms.
Covalent bonds are electrons that are SHARED between atoms.
81
Waters is a _________ molecule
Waters is a POLAR molecule
82
SLIGHTLY NEGATIVE CHARGE ON THE OXYGEN ATOM
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
S________ N________ C______ O_ T__ O_____ A____
83
SLIGHTLY POSITIVE CHARGE ON THE HYDROGEN ATOM
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
S_______ P_______ C_____ O_ T____ H______ A____``
84
The Polar Covalent bond in water is due to the ___________________ OF ____________ between the oxygen and hydrogen.
The Polar Covalent bond in water is due to the UNEVEN SHARING of ELECTRONS between the oxygen and hydrogen.
85
Mickey Mouse's ears have a ______ __________ __________
Mickey Mouse's ears have a PARTIAL POSITIVE CHARGE.
86
Mickey Mouse's head has a _________ ___________ _________
Mickey Mouse's ears have a PARTIAL NEGATIVE CHARGE.
87
BECAUSE OF IT'S POLARITY......... Water molecules are attracted to each other (like magnets. POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE END)
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)
B_______ O_____ I_____ P______......... W______ m_______ a______ a______ t_ e_____ o_____ (L_____ m_______. P_______ A_____ N_______ E____)
88
The bond formed ______ water molecules is a HYDROGEN BOND
The bond formed BETWEEN water molecules is a HYDROGEN BOND.
89
Hydrogen bonds are WEAKER than covalent bonds
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
H______ b_______ a_____ W______ t_____ c______ b_______.
90
POLARITY CAUSES C________
POLARITY CAUSES COHESION
91
COHESION: The Attraction of water molecules to each other.
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
COHESION: The a_____ o_ w_____ m_____ t_ e_____ o_____.
92
The cohesion of water molecules results in __________________. A measure of the strength of the surface of the water.
The cohesion of water molecules results in SURFACE TENSION. A measure of the strength of the surface of the water.
93
POLARITY CAUSES A__________
POLARITY CAUSES ADHESION
94
Water is also attracted to the positive and negative charges of _______ ___________. THIS IS CALLED _________
Water is also attracted to the positive and negative charge of OTHER SUBSTANCES. THIS IS CALLED ADHESION.
95
ADHESION AND COHESION WORK TOGETHER IN CAPILLARY ACTION.
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
A_____ A___ C______ W_____ T_____ I_ C________ A_______.
96
C_______ A______ is the movement of water through a thin tube (like the xylem of plants)
CAPILLARY ACTION is the movement of water through a thin tube (like the xylem of plants)
97
Water molecules "T__" each other U_ the tube clinging to the S______ of the tube and E_____ O_____.
Water molecules "TOW" each other UP the tube clinging to the SURFACE of the tube and EACH OTHER.
98
Water is the "UNIVERSAL SOLVENT"
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
WATER IS THE: " __________ _________ "
99
Due to it''s polarity, water can ________ more substances than any other liquid
Due to its polarity, water can DISSOLVE more substances than and other liquid.
100
Dissolved substances ( S______, S_____, AND, G______) are able to move in and out of the cells
Dissolved substances (SUGARS, SALTS, AND, GASES) are able to move in and out of the cells.
101
WATER HAS A HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT or ______ ________
WATER HAS A HIGH SPECIFIC HEAT OR HEAT CAPACITY
102
S______ H______ = Amount of heat needed to rais or lower 1g of a substance 1 degree C
SPECIFIC HEAT = Amount of heat needed to rais or lower 1g of a substance 1 degree C
103
Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat energy with little change in actual temperature.
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)
W_____ c_____ a_____ o_ r_____ l____ a______ o_ h___ e_____ w____ l_____ c_____ i____ a_____ t_________.
104
Water ______ temperature change.
Water RESISTS temperature change.
105
HIGH HEAT CAPACITY OR HEAT CAPACITY
Is important for moderating earth's climate
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)
HIGH HEAT CAPACITY OR HEAT CAPACITY
I_____ f____ m ______ e______ c_______
106
Important for evaporative ________
Important for evaporative COOLING
107
The more water we have the more moderate the temperature will be.
The more _____ we have the more ______ the __________ will be.
108
WATER IS LESS DENSE AS A SOLID
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
WATER IS _______ ______ as a ________
109
Frozen water forms a crystal-like lattice so m_______ are set at f_____ d______
Frozen water forms a crystal-like lattice so MOLECULES are set at FIXED DISTANCES
110
Ice is less dense as a solid than as a liquid
| now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*
Ice is ____ dense as a ____ than as a _____
111
Water's role in HOMEOSTASIS
Homeostasis: Maintaining a stable internal environment
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)
Water's role in H________
| H_______: Maintaining a ____ internal ______
112
Water's role in HOMEOSTASIS
| T_____ dissolved gases (O______ and C_____ D______)
TRANSPORTS dissolved gases (OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE)
113
Water's role in HOMEOSTASIS
| Transports W_____ and T_____ for removal
Transports WASTES and TOXINS for removal
114
Water's role in HOMEOSTASIS
| Is the M______ for C______ reactions to take place
Is the MEDIUM for CHEMICAL reactions to take place.
115
Water's role in HOMEOSTASIS
| R______ temperature fluctuations
RESISTS temperature fluctuations
116
Water's role in HOMEOSTASIS
| Essential for E________ C_________
Essential for EVAPORATIVE COOLING
117
Cellular transports is: Movement across the Plasma Membrane
Membrane- spanning proteins require because diffusion is not possible
Cellular ______ ___: Movement a_____ the P_____ M_______
Membrane- s______ p______ require because d______ is _____ p______.
118
Passive Transport = No _____ _______
Passive Transport = No ENERGY NEEDED
119
Passive Transport
| Moves From _____ to _____ concentration
Moves from HIGH to LOW concentrations
120
Passive Transport
| Small dissolved particles can travel by ________ and ___________________
Small dissolved particles can travel by DIFFUSION and PROTEIN CHANNELS.
121
Passive Transport
| Larger molecules travel by ________ __________
Larger molecules travel by FACILITATED DIFFUSION.
122
Passive Transport
| Facilitated Diffusion uses ____________________________ to allow larger molecules (S_____, A______) through.
Facilitated Diffusion uses Transport/Carrier Proteins to allow larger molecules (SUGAR, AMINO ACIDS) through.
123
Passive Transport
| C_______ P______ change shape to let molecules in
CARRIER PROTEINS change shape to let molecules in.
124
P______ C_______ do N__ change shape
PROTEIN CHANNELS do NOT change shape.
125
Active Transport
| Energy (___) is needed
Energy (ATP) is needed
126
Active Transport
Move particles ______ concentration gradient
(From ____ to ____ concentrations)
Move particles AGAINST concentration gradient
| From LOW to HIGH concentrations
127
Active Transport
steps of active transport for a TRANSPORT PROTEIN that requires energy
1.) Transport P______ B____ with M______
2.) Chemical E_______ is R_______ and transport protein to C_____ S_____
3.) Molecule is moved to the O______ S______ of the M______
4.) Once molecule is R_______, proteins O______ shape is restored
1. ) Transport PROTEIN BINDS with MOLECULES
2. )Chemical ENERGY is RELEASED and transport protein to CHANGE SHAPE
3. ) The molecule is moved to the OTHER SIDE of the MEMBRANE
4. ) Once the molecule is RELEASED, the proteins ORIGINAL shape is restored.
128
Active Transport
| Endocytosis: Cell M______ surrounds and T_____ in material from E___________ forming a V_____
Endocytosis: Cell MEMBRANE surrounds and TAKES in material form ENVIRONMENT forming a VESICLE.
129
EXOCYTOSIS: V______ combines with C_____ M_______ and E_____ waste.
EXOXYTOSIS: VESICLE combines with CELL MEMBRANE and EXPELS waste.
130
Simple diffusion = Small P____ or a N_______ molecule such as W_____, O______, C___________, can simply D_______ through the M______ between the P______________.
Small POLAR or a NONPOLAR molecule such as WATER, OXYGEN, CARBON DIOXIDE, can simply DIFFUSE through the MEMBRANE between the PHOSPHOLIPIDS.
131
Carrier mediated = Allows something to pass through it/ will change its shape/ and it's still passive which means it does not require energy from the cell.
(now when you flip this card over what did this front card just say? there will be hints*)
C_____ M______ = Allows something to P____ through I_/ Will C____ its S_____/ and it's S____ P_____ which means it D____ N____ R____ E______ from the C____.
132
Channel Protein = always open but usually only applies to a certain kind of molecule that is passive and has diffusion high to low concentration.
C______ P______ = Always O____ but usually only A_____ to a C___ kind of M_____ that is P______ and has D______ H____ to L_____ C_____________.
133
90%H2O & 10% Solute INSIDE
85% H2O & 15 % Solute OUTSIDE
Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?
HYPERTONIC
134
90% H2O & 10% Solute INSIDE
90% H2O & 10% Solute OUTSIDE
Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?
ISOTONIC
135
25% H2O & 75% Solute OUTSIDE
82% H2O & 18% Solute INSIDE
Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?
HYPERTONIC
136
45% H2O & 55% Solute INSIDE
75% H2O & 25% Solute OUTSIDE
Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?
HYPOTONIC
137
50% H2O & 50% Solute OUTSIDE
50% H2O & 50% Solute INSIDE
Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?
ISOTONIC
138
40% H2O & 60% Solute INSIDE
90% H2O & 10% Solute OUTSIDE
Is it Hypertonic, Hypotonic, or Isotonic?
HYPOTONIC
139
Pro = B______
Pro = BEOFRE
140
Karyon = N_____ or K______
Karyon = NUCLEUS or KERNEL
141
EU = T_____
EU = TRUE
142
What is the Cytoplasm?
The cytoplasm is the LIQUID
