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INFO5081 - Advanced Routing > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

Based off of topics included in the Kahoot review.

1
Q

Dual-homed Internet Connectivity

A

2+ connections (1+ routers) to the same ISP.

Provides redundancy, but possible single point of failure at ISP or if single CE router is used.

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2
Q

Multi-homed Internet Connectivity

A

Highest level of redundancy. 2 routers, 2 ISPs.

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3
Q

What are the requirements for Multi-homed environment?

A

Must have PI address space and own AS number.

Must have connectivity with 2 independent ISPs.

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4
Q

Dual Multi-homed Internet Connectivity

A

Two connections to each of two ISPs

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5
Q

IPv6 ACL Characteristics

A

Always named and extended.

Contains implicit permit all ND neighbor advertisement and solicitation messages.

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6
Q

What command do IPv6 ACLs use to apply to an interface/check status?

A

ipv6 traffic-filter [name] in/out

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7
Q

What is NAT?

A

Network Address Translation, used to translate private addresses to public addresses.

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8
Q

What is NAT64?

A

NAT IPv6-to-IPv4. Used to provide IPv4 connectivity to IPv6 devices.

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9
Q

What is NPTv6?

A

IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix Translation.

I.E. inside network to outstide network.

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10
Q

What is NAT-PT

A

The initial translation scheme for IPv6 and IPv4, now deprecated and replaced by NAT64.

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11
Q

What does SLAAC stand for?

A

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration

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12
Q

What does SLAAC do?

A

Provides capability for a device to obtain IPv6 addressing information without any intervention from network admin.

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13
Q

How does SLAAC work?

A

Uses RAs sent by routers on local link, which include prefixes, prefix lifetime info, flag info, and default router lifetime info.

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14
Q

What command enables SLAAC?

A

ipv6 address autconfig {default}* default can only exist on one interface

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15
Q

What are the three types of NAT?

A

Static NAT: One-to-one
Dynamic NAT: Many-to-many
Port Address Translation (PAT): Many-to-one

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16
Q

BGP Message Types

A

Open
Keepalive
Update
Notification

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17
Q

BGP Notifications

A

Sent when BGP router detects an error condition.

18
Q

BGP Neighbor States

A
  1. Idle
  2. Connect
  3. Active
  4. Open Sent
  5. Open Confirm
  6. Established
19
Q

BGP Path Attribute Categories

A

Well-known mandatory
Well-known discretionary
Optional transitive
Optional nontransitive

20
Q

Well-Known Attributes

A

Mandatory: Must appear in all BGP update messages
Discretionary: Doesn’t have to be present

21
Q

Optional Transitive Attributes

A

BGP routers that do not implement this should pass to other BGP routers untouched and mark as partial

22
Q

Optional Nontransitive Attributes

A

BGP routers that do not implement this must delete the attribute and must not pass it to other BGP routers.

23
Q

Well-known mandatory attributes defined by BGP

A

AS-path
Next-hop
Origin

24
Q

Well-known discretionary attributes defined by BGP

A

Local preference

Atomic aggregate

25
Q

Optional transitive attributes defined by BGP

A

Aggregator

Community

26
Q

Optional nontransitive attribute defined by BGP

A

MED

27
Q

AS-Path

A

List of AS numbers (sourced right to left). Ensures loop-free environment.

28
Q

Local Preference

A

Indicates which path is preferred to exit the AS. Higher local preference is preferred. Sent only to iBGP neighbors.

29
Q

EIGRP Authentication

A

MD5, SHA, Key chain support

30
Q

Three Operational Architecture Planes

A

Management
Control
Data

31
Q

Management Plane Security

A

Strong passwords, user authentication, role-based CLI, SSH, logging, NTP

32
Q

Control Plane Security

A

Routing protocol authentication

33
Q

Data Plane Security

A

ACLs

34
Q

Policy Based Routing routing table override command

A

set ip next hop

35
Q

Switching Mechanisms

A

Process switching
Fast switching
Cisco Express Forwarding

36
Q

Process Switching

A

Slowest. Every packet is examined, all forwarding decisions are made in software.

37
Q

Fast Switching

A

Faster than Process switching. Initial packet is process switched and forwarding decision is stored in hardware.

38
Q

Cisco Express Forwarding (CEF)

A

Fastest. Creates hardware based tables (FIB and adjacency table)

39
Q

BGP Default Source Address

A

Address of outbound interface.

40
Q

What command is used to inject a route into the BGP table?

A

In BGP config:

network [network number]

INFO5081 - Advanced Routing (4 decks)

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