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SPI Review > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q 
Aliasing is not a factor with which imaging method?
A. Duplex Imaging
B. Triplex Imaging
C. Color Flow Doppler
D. Continuous Wave Doppler
E. Spectral Analysis
A

D. Continuous Wave Doppler

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2
Q

Pixel Interpolation is an imaging technique with the purpose of:
A. Expanding the image display
B. Improving lateral resolution
C. Allocating amplitudes to missed reflections
D. Directing the scan lines in multiple directions
E. Improving visualization of attenuating structures

A

C. Allocating amplitudes to missed reflections

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3
Q 
Three-dimensional Imaging acquires volume data at rates up to:
A. 20 volumes/second
B. 30 volumes/second
C. 40 volumes/second
D. 50 volumes/second
E. 60 volumes/second
A

B. 30 volumes/second

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4
Q 
Which of the following must occur for blood to flow?
A. cardiac arrest
B. anti-coagulation
C. pressure gradient
E. impedance difference
A

D. Pressure gradient

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5
Q

All of the following describe sound waves EXCEPT:
A. Sound cannot travel in a vacuum
B. Sound waves are mechanical waves
C. Matter must be present for sound to travel
D. Sound waves carry matter from one place to another
E. Sound waves contain regions of high and low pressure

A

D. Sound waves carry matter from one place to another

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6
Q 
Normally, the number of channels utilized does not exceed the number of:
A. pulses per second
B. frames per second
C. scan lines per second
D. transducer elements
E. amplitudes the system can handle
A

D. transducer elements

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7
Q 
Altering the received signal for display is a function of the:
A. pulser
B. receiver
C. amplifier
D. transducer
E. beam former
A

B. receiver

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8
Q 
The amount of time pulse ultrasound is transmitting is termed:
A. duty factor
B. pulse duration
C. spatial pulse length
D. pulse repetition period
E. pulse repetition frequency
A

A. duty factor

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9
Q 
The onset of turbulence is determined by the:
A. Nyquist limit
B. Doppler Shift
C. continuity rule
D. Reynolds number
E. Poiseuille's equation
A

D. Reynolds number

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10
Q 
Altered forward flow in the internal carotid artery is a characteristic finding with:
A. plug flow
B. laminar flow
C. parabolic flow
D. disturbed flow
E. turbulent flow
A

D. disturbed flow

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11
Q

Oblique incidence refers to which of the following?
A. reflection of sound in only one direction
B. a reflected sound beam traveling at an oblique angle
C. a transmitting sound beam traveling at a refracted angle
D. redirection of the sound beam in relation to the incident beam
E. an incident sound beam traveling at an oblique angle to the media

A

E. an incident sound beam traveling at an oblique angle to the media

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12
Q

Multipath is a type of imaging artifact where:
A. the sound beam bends at a curved surface
B. the path towards and away from the reflectors are different
C. minor sound beams traveling in different directions from the primary sound beam
D. redirection of the sound wave in several directions on encountering a rough surface
E. a series of closely spaced reverberation echoes occurring behind a strong reflector

A

B. the path towards and away from the reflectors are different

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13
Q

Which of the following statements accurately describe harmonic frequencies?
A. Harmonic frequencies demonstrate wide beam widths
B. Grafting lobes are increased when utilizing harmonic frequencies
C. Harmonic frequencies are generated in the superficial structures
D. Lateral resolution is reduced when utilizing harmonic frequencies
E. Harmonic frequencies generate in the highest intensity of the sound beam

A

E. Harmonic frequencies generate in the highest intensity of the sound beam

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14
Q 
Increasing voltages received from the transducer to a level suitable for processing denotes:
A. rejection
B. smoothing
C. compression
D. amplification
E. demodulation
A

D. Amplification

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15
Q 
The signal amplitude is employed with:
A. color doppler
B. duplex imaging
C. power doppler
D. pulse-wave doppler
E. continuous wave doppler
A

C. Power doppler

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16
Q 
Utilizing a high pulse repetition frequency results in a(n):
A. decrease in frame rate
B. slow return of echo reflections
C. decrease in pulse repetition period
D. decrease in the number of scan lines
E. decrease in maximum penetration depth
A

E. decrease in maximum penetration depth

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17
Q

The mechanical index:
A. produces cavitation
B. relates to spatial resolution
C. relates attenuation of the sound beam
D. is proportional to the operating frequencies
E. predicts the likelihood of cavitation occurring

A

E. predicts the likelihood of cavitation occurring

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18
Q 
The time between the beginning of one pulse to the start of the next pulse describes:
A. duty factor
B. pulse duration
C. spatial pulse length
D. pulse repetition period
E. pulse repetition frequency
A

D. pulse repetition period

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19
Q 
Increasing the frame rate will:
A. reduce temporal resolution
B. decrease the near zone length
C. increase the number of focal zones
D. decrease the maximum imaging depth
E. increase the number of scan lines per frame
A

D. decrease the maximum imaging depth

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20
Q 
Which intensity value is the lowest for a given sound beam?
A. SPTP
B. SATP
C. SPTA
D. SATA
E. SAPA
A

D. SATA

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21
Q 
Which of the following remains constant throughout the vessel?
A. velocity
B. pressure
C. direction
D. resistance
E. volumetric flow rate
A

E. volumetric flow rate

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22
Q 
Snell's law determines the amount of:
A. scatter at a boundary
B. refraction at an interface
C. reflection at an interface
D. rarefaction at a boundary
E. demodulation of a sound wave
A

B. refraction at an interface

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23
Q 
The doppler shift is inversely related to the:
A. Doppler angle
B. blood velocity
C. angle of incidence 
D. operating frequency
E. propagation speed of the medium
A

E. propagation speed of the medium

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24
Q 
Minimizing examination time is an example of which of the following:
A. FDA regulation
B. HIPPA standard
C. OSHA condition
D. ALARA principle
E. universal directive
A

D. ALARA principle

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25
Q 
The ability to distinguish two separate structures perpendicular to the sound beam is termed:
A. depth resolution
B. range resolution
C. spatial resolution
D. azimuthal resolution
E. contrast resolution
A

D. azimuthal resolution

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26
Q

Increasing the number of focal zones will:
A. increase temporal resolution
B. increase transverse resolution
C. decrease the fundamental frequency
D. increase the number of imaging frames
E. decrease the pulse repetition frequency

A

B. increase transverse resolution

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27
Q 
Redirection of a portion of the sound beam towards the transducer is termed:
A. refraction
B. scattering
C. reflection
D. harmonics
E. reverberation
A

C. reflection

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28
Q 
Scan lines are aimed in a variety of pathways when utilizing:
A. 4D imaging
B. pulse inversion
C. pixel interpolation
D. spatial compounding
E. three-dimensional imaging
A

D. spatial compounding

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29
Q 
Which of the following units measures amplifications of returning signals?
A. dB
B. Hz
C. kHz
D. dB/cm
E. W/cm^2
A

A. dB

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30
Q 
A transducer is a component of which testing device?
A. hydrophone
B. beam phantom
C. Doppler phantom
D. Force balance system
E. AIUM 100 test object
A

A. hydrophone

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31
Q 
All the following terms describe continuous wave ultrasound EXCEPT:
A. period
B. frequency 
C. duty factor
D. wavelength
E. propagation speed
A

C. duty factor

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32
Q 
Which of the following imaging techniques utilizes pulse inversion?
A. real time imaging
B. harmonic imaging
C. panoramic imaging
D. multi-focal imaging
E. three-dimensional imaging
A

B. harmonic imaging

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33
Q

In a time gain compensation curve, the slope represents the:
A. area of maximum amplification
B. region of minimal amplification
C. deepest region compensation can occur
D. available region for depth compensation
E. depth at which variable compensation begins

A

D. available region for depth compensation

34
Q 
Undersampling of the doppler shift will most likely produce:
A. aliasing
B. flash artifact
C. spectral bruit
D. spectral noise
E. spectral broadening
A

A. aliasing

35
Q 
Convert the binary number 0101001 to a decimal equivalent 
A. 17
B. 21
C. 41
D. 60
E. 82
A

C. 41

36
Q 
Which of the following may directly affect the intensity of the doppler signal?
A. pressure gradient
B. radius of the vessel 
C. length of the vessel
D. velocity of the red blood cells
E. concentration of the red blood cells
A

E. concentration of the red blood cells

37
Q 
Which of the following intensity values describes the average intensity within the beam during the highest intensity in time?
A. SATA
B. SPTP
C. SATP
D. SPPA
E. SPTA
A

C. SATP

38
Q

The Bernoulli effect describes the:
A. pressure created in a fluid system
B. flow volume in a long straight vessel
C. misrepresentation of the doppler shift
D. decrease in pressure prior to a stenosis
E. increase in the range of doppler shift frequencies

A

D. decrease in pressure prior to a stenosis

39
Q 
If the wavelength increases, the:
A. period decreases
B. frequency increases
C. amplitude decreases
D. propagation speed decreases
E. maximum penetration depth increases
A

E. maximum penetration depth increases

40
Q 
Utilizing previous echo reflections while adding new echoes to the image along a parallel scanning plane describes:
A. apodization
B. harmonic imaging 
C. pixel interpolation
D. panoramic imaging
E. spatial compounding
A

D. panoramic imaging

41
Q 
Which testing device can produce retrograde flow?
A. hydrophone
B. moving string
C. force balance system
D. AIUM 100 test object
E. tissue mimicking phantom
A

B. moving string

42
Q 
Apodization is a function of which of the following instruments?
A. pulser
B. reciever
C. transducer
D. beam former
E. master synchronizer
A

D. beam former

43
Q 
Which of the following will degrade temporal resolution?
A. increasing the frame rate
B. decreasing the imaging depth
C. increasing the scan line density
D. increasing the operating frequency
E. decreasing the number of focal zones
A

C. increasing the scan line density

44
Q 
The dead zone is located:
A. closest to the transducer
B. in the center of the beam
C. in the transducer assembly
D. furthest from the transducer 
E. in the periphery of the beam
A

A. closest to the transducer

45
Q

The hydrophone evaluates which of the following?
A. slice thickness resolution
B. intensity of the sound beam
C. accuracy of measured flow velocities
D. reflected amplitudes received by the transducer
E. amount of acoustic pressure and voltage produced

A

E. amount of acoustic pressure and voltage produced

46
Q 
Individual transducer elements within a single transducer assembly describe:
A. zones
B. arrays
C. crystals
D. channels
E. apertures
A

d. channels

47
Q 
Which of the following artifacts extends color doppler beyond the region of actual blood flow?
A. flash
B. aliasing
C. grating lobes
D. spectral bruit
E. spectral broadening
A

A. flash

48
Q 
The doppler shift is dependent on the:
A. vessel radius
B. doppler angle
C. imaging depth
D. source frequency
E. operating frequency
A

B. doppler angle

49
Q 
Gain compensation is necessary due to:
A. apodization
B. the signal-to-noise ratio
C. attenuation of the sound beam
D. radio frequency of the receiver
E. a disturbance in the clarity of the signal
A

C. attenuation of the sound beam

50
Q 
The mechanical index is proportional to the:
A. compression
B. system output
C. operating frequency
D. attenuation coefficient 
E. time gain compensation
A

B. system output

51
Q

Gain is defined as the ratio of:
A. input voltage to output voltage
B. transmission output to amplifier input
C. amplifier input to output of voltage power
D. amplifier output to input of electric power
E. largest to the smallest amplitude the system can handle

A

D. amplifier output to input of electric power

52
Q

The output of an ultrasound system determines the:
A. pulse repetition frequency
B. number of active channels
C. attenuation of the sound beam
D. amplitude of the transmitted sound beam
E. time delays employed in array technology

A

D. amplitude of the transmitted sound beam

53
Q 
With perpendicular incidence, the larger the impedance difference between the media the greater the:
A. refraction
B. scattering
C. reflection
D. absorption
E. transmission
A

C. reflection

54
Q 
Intensity in a sound beam is highest:
A. in the Fresnel zone
B. around the periphery
C. in the Fraunhofer zone
D. closest to the tranducer
E. near the center of the beam
A

E. near the center of the beam

55
Q

Isoechoic is a sonographic term used to describe a(n):
A. mixed echo texture
B. dense echo structure
C. structure without internal echoes
D. echo texture equal to the surrounding structures
E. decrease in the intensity of the echo reflections

A

D. echo texture equal to the surrounding structures

56
Q 
The ration of the largest to smallest signal amplitude a system can handle describes:
A. gain
B. output
C. threshold
D. compression
E. signal-to-noise
A

D. compression

57
Q 
In an unfocused transducer the focal length is determined by the:
A. beam diameter
B. penetration depth
C. element thickness
D. operating frequency
E. propagation speed of the medium
A

A. beam diameter

58
Q

The use of standard precautions is recommended:
A. only in the intensive care unit
B. during all direct patient contact
C. only in emergency department
D. only during interventional procedures
E. in patients with a known communicable disease

A

B. during all direct patient contact

59
Q

Which of the following is a function of the pulser?
A. establishes time delays during reception
B. delivers electric voltage to the memory
C. controls the amplitude of the transmitting signal
D. coordinates the components of the ultrasound system
E. communicates with the receiver once the crystal is excited

A

E. communicates with the receiver once the crystal is excited

60
Q

In order to image deeper structures the ultrasound system must:
A. decrease the time between pulses
B. increases the number of focal zones
C. decrease the time gain compensation
D. increase the number of frames per second
E. decrease the number of pulses per second

A

E. decrease the number of pulses per second

61
Q 
Which of the following demonstrates the lowest propagation speed and the highest compressibility?
A. fat
B. air
C. bone
D. blood
E. muscle
A

B. air

62
Q 
Intensity of a focused sound beam is more uniform in the:
A. periphery
B. focal zone
C. Fresnel zone
D. Fraunhofer zone
E. near zone length
A

D. Fraunhofer zone

63
Q 
A reproduction of a true doppler signal is termed:
A. aliasing 
B. flash artifact
C. reverberation
D. electronic noise
E. mirror image artifact
A

E. mirror image artifact

64
Q 
Even and odd multiples of the fundamental frequency describes:
A. bandwidth
B. grating and side lobes
C. incidental frequencies
D. harmonic frequencies
E. transmitted frequencies
A

D. harmonic frequencies

65
Q 
The diameter of the beam determines the:
A. bandwidth
B. axial resolution
C. near zone length
D. temporal resolution
E. operating frequency
A

C. near zone length

66
Q 
Which of the following control the amplitude of the transmitted and received signals?
A. pulser
B. receiver
C. transducer
D. beam former
E. output power
A

E. output power

67
Q 
In spectral analysis, the vertical axis represents:
A. time
B. depth
C. velocity
D. intensity
E. amplitude
A

C. velocity

68
Q 
Which of the following symbols represent the metric prefix "micro-"?
A. m
B. λ
C. µ
D. f
E. M
A

C. µ

69
Q 
The greatest intensity during the pulse is the:
A. pulse peak
B. spatial peak
C. temporal peak
D. spatial average
E. temporal average
A

C. temporal peak

70
Q 
Periodic evaluation of collected test data is termed:
A. quality control
B. annual report
C. quality assurance
D. registration accuracy
E. preventative maintenance
A

C. quality assurance

71
Q 
Which of the following transforms the returning echo reflections into signals suitable for display?
A. rarefaction
B. amplification
C. suppression
D. compression
E. demodulation
A

E. demodulation

72
Q 
Increasing the number of focal zones will:
A. increase line density
B. increase lateral resolution
C. decrease spatial resolution
D. increase temporal resolution
E. decrease pulse repetition frequency
A

B. increase lateral resolution

73
Q 
The testing used to collect data on the ultrasound system's performance is termed:
A. quality control
B. quality assurance
C. system sensitivity 
D. registration accuracy
E. preventative maintenance
A

A. quality control

74
Q

The digital memory of a scan converter:
A. accepts signals from the reciever
B. stores data as binary numbers
C. sends stored data to the display
D. changes received signals into the numeric numbers
E. determines the brightness of the displayed echoes

A

B. stores data as binary numbers

75
Q 
In vivo, focal lesions will occur with intensities greater than:
A. 1 mW/cm^2 SPTP
B. 10 W/cm^2 SPTA
C. 10 mW/cm^2 SATA
D. 100 W/cm^2 SPTA
E. 100 mW/cm^2 SAPA
A

B. 10 W/cm^2 SPTA

76
Q 
Electronic beam steering in an array assembly is accomplished by the:
A. receiver 
B. amplifier
C. transmitter
D. beam former
E. master synchronizer
A

D. beam former

77
Q 
The sonographer is unable to control, which of the following functions?
A. rejection
B. rectification
C. compression
D. amplification
E. power output
A

B. rectification

78
Q 
A sudden burst of color Doppler most likely represents:
A. aliasing
B. flash artifact
C. reverberation artifact
D. mirror image artifact
E. section thickness artifact
A

B. flash artifact

79
Q

Doppler mirror image artifact can be overcome by:
A. adjusting the baseline
B. decreasing the operating frequency
C. utilizing a different acoustic window
D. increasing the pulse repetition frequency
E. readjusting the placement of the sample volume

A

C. utilizing a different acoustic window

80
Q 
Flow rate is proportional to the:
A. vessel resistance
B. pressure gradient 
C. length of the vessel
D. velocity of the fluid
E. viscosity of the fluid
A

B. pressure gradient

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