review

Question 1

where was the first modern police force established

Answer 1

London, England

Question 2

what act established the first modern police force

Answer 2

metropolitan police act of 1829

Question 3

who was the father of the modern police administration

Answer 3

Sir Robert “Bobbie” Peel

Question 4

know the different types of eras of policing and approximate dates of those

Answer 4

• Political Era of Policing (1830-1900)
• Professional Era (1930-1970)
• Community Era (1970-present)

Question 5

wilson and volmer

Answer 5

created the “professional model”

-vollmer was known as the father of modern police administration

Question 6

know the styles of policing that James Wilson developed

Answer 6

• watchman style (passive and reactive)
• legalistic style ( success is measured by the number of arrest)
• service style ( middle ground between watchman and legalistic style)

Question 7

know the different types of corruption

Answer 7

• gratuity ( a benefit the officer receives simply because he is a police officer- mainly free meals and reduced costs)
• professional courtesy (one officer performs a courtesy for the other such as not giving them a ticket)
• misuse of authority ( occurs when an officer uses his position for personal gain)

Question 8

Dirty Harry problem

Answer 8

when unethical or illegal means are used by police in dealing with criminals
-end result is good but means are bad

Question 9

adjudication

Answer 9

the formal process for resolving legal disputes in courts of law

Question 10

jurisdiction

Answer 10

refers to the authority given to a court to hear and adpjucate a particular dispute

Question 11

dual court system

Answer 11

both federal and state courts

-distinction isn’t always clear because a crime could be a violation of both federal and state law

Question 12

how many justices on the us supreme court

Answer 12

9 led by the Chief Justice

Question 13

rule of 4 (what it takes to get the Supreme Court to hear your case)

Answer 13

at least 4 of the 9 judges must agree to hear the case

Question 14

approximate number of cases that the US supreme court hears

Answer 14

10% of the cases seeking to be heard

Question 15

majority opinion in Supreme Court

Answer 15

concurring and dissenting opinions

Question 16

different levels of the courts in federal system

Answer 16

lower courts (magistrate and specialty courts)
trial courts of general jurisdiction
appellate courts
Supreme Court

Question 17

different ways that judges are appointed

Answer 17

federal judges-nominated by president confirmed by senate

state judges-election (partisan and nonpartisan elections)

Question 18

defense attorneys job

Answer 18

provides legal representation to criminal defendants during the court process

Question 19

attorney client privilege

Answer 19

communication between defense attorneys and their cline must be kept confidential unless the client consents to disclosure

Question 20

community era of policing

Answer 20

police became more involved in the community and partnering with the community in order to prevent crime

Question 21

professional era of policing

Answer 21

direct response to corruption of earlier era

- emphasized centralized police organizations, increased use of tech, crime control

Question 22

political era of policing

Answer 22

dominated by the patronage system, also known as the spoils system,

Question 23

most common type of punishment

Answer 23

corrections

Question 24

reasoning behind the recent decrease in incarceration rates since 2009

Answer 24

• less money available for corrections due to recent economy
• various rehabilitative and prevention programs are working
• less punitive approach to punishment

Question 25

reasoning for the increase in incarceration rates up until 2009

Answer 25

• increased arrests
• tougher sentencing
• prison contraction
• war on drugs

Question 26

corrections

Answer 26

variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of individuals who have been accused or convicted of criminal offenses

Question 27

difference between jail and prison

Answer 27

jails- a facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanors for periods longer than 48 hours
prisons- incarceration of people convicted of serious crimes, usually felonies

Question 28

differences between parole and probation

Answer 28

parole-occurs after a portion of a sentence of incarceration has been served, has rules an restrictions and is usually due to good behavior
probation-offender is permitted to live in the community under supervision in lieu of incarceration, must abide by rules and regulations, judge can revoke probation and send offender to prison for violating rules

Question 29

two primary forms of community corrections

Answer 29

probation and parole