review Flashcards
where was the first modern police force established
London, England
what act established the first modern police force
metropolitan police act of 1829
who was the father of the modern police administration
Sir Robert “Bobbie” Peel
know the different types of eras of policing and approximate dates of those
- Political Era of Policing (1830-1900)
- Professional Era (1930-1970)
- Community Era (1970-present)
wilson and volmer
created the “professional model”
-vollmer was known as the father of modern police administration
know the styles of policing that James Wilson developed
- watchman style (passive and reactive)
- legalistic style ( success is measured by the number of arrest)
- service style ( middle ground between watchman and legalistic style)
know the different types of corruption
- gratuity ( a benefit the officer receives simply because he is a police officer- mainly free meals and reduced costs)
- professional courtesy (one officer performs a courtesy for the other such as not giving them a ticket)
- misuse of authority ( occurs when an officer uses his position for personal gain)
Dirty Harry problem
when unethical or illegal means are used by police in dealing with criminals
-end result is good but means are bad
adjudication
the formal process for resolving legal disputes in courts of law
jurisdiction
refers to the authority given to a court to hear and adpjucate a particular dispute
dual court system
both federal and state courts
-distinction isn’t always clear because a crime could be a violation of both federal and state law
how many justices on the us supreme court
9 led by the Chief Justice
rule of 4 (what it takes to get the Supreme Court to hear your case)
at least 4 of the 9 judges must agree to hear the case
approximate number of cases that the US supreme court hears
10% of the cases seeking to be heard
majority opinion in Supreme Court
concurring and dissenting opinions
different levels of the courts in federal system
lower courts (magistrate and specialty courts)
trial courts of general jurisdiction
appellate courts
Supreme Court
different ways that judges are appointed
federal judges-nominated by president confirmed by senate
state judges-election (partisan and nonpartisan elections)
defense attorneys job
provides legal representation to criminal defendants during the court process
attorney client privilege
communication between defense attorneys and their cline must be kept confidential unless the client consents to disclosure
community era of policing
police became more involved in the community and partnering with the community in order to prevent crime
professional era of policing
direct response to corruption of earlier era
- emphasized centralized police organizations, increased use of tech, crime control
political era of policing
dominated by the patronage system, also known as the spoils system,
most common type of punishment
corrections
reasoning behind the recent decrease in incarceration rates since 2009
- less money available for corrections due to recent economy
- various rehabilitative and prevention programs are working
- less punitive approach to punishment
reasoning for the increase in incarceration rates up until 2009
- increased arrests
- tougher sentencing
- prison contraction
- war on drugs
corrections
variety of programs, services, facilities, and organizations responsible for the management of individuals who have been accused or convicted of criminal offenses
difference between jail and prison
jails- a facility authorized to hold pretrial detainees and sentenced misdemeanors for periods longer than 48 hours
prisons- incarceration of people convicted of serious crimes, usually felonies
differences between parole and probation
parole-occurs after a portion of a sentence of incarceration has been served, has rules an restrictions and is usually due to good behavior
probation-offender is permitted to live in the community under supervision in lieu of incarceration, must abide by rules and regulations, judge can revoke probation and send offender to prison for violating rules
two primary forms of community corrections
probation and parole
