Review

Question 1

Tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 1

Onset occurs without warning.
Tonic Phase (10-30 seconds) where eyes roll, LOC, tonic contraction
Clonic Phase (30-50 seconds) where there's violent andjerking movements and can have foaming of mouth
Postictal State (30 minutes) where they remain semiconscious with impaired movements

Question 2

Absence Seizure

Answer 2

Onset betwwen 5-8 years and ends by teenage. LOC lasting 5-10 seconds. Staring into space, minimal or no changes in behavior, and can immediately resume to activities

Question 3

Myoclonic Seizure

Answer 3

Variety of seizure episodes, brief contractions of muscles, might not lose consciousness

Question 4

Atonic/Akinetic Seizure

Answer 4

Onset between 2-5 years of age, muslce tone lost for a few seconds, period of confusion follows

Question 5

West Syndrome

Answer 5

Rare disorder with onset of 3-7 months and doesn’t last beyond 18 months. Twice as common in boys, sudden breif contractions/spasms

Question 6

Focal Resection

Answer 6

removal of an epileptogenic zone

Question 7

Hemispherectomy

Answer 7

Removal of hemisphere

Question 8

Corpus Callostomy

Answer 8

Separation of two hemispheres of brain

Question 9

Status Epilepticus

Answer 9

Prolonged seizures activity that lasts longer than 30 minutes, requires immediate attention to prevent loss of brain function

Question 10

Flexion

Answer 10

Extremities flexed inward to the chest. Means severe dysfunction of the cerebral cortex

Question 11

Extension

Answer 11

Backward arching. Means severe dysfunction at level of midbrain

Question 12

Normal ICP range

Answer 12

1 to 10 mmHG, greater than 15 requires further assessement

Question 13

Assessment for Head Injury

Answer 13

Assess for clear fluid drainage from nose/ears. Assess for bleeding from ears (indicates basal skull fracture)

Question 14

Nursing Care for Head Injury

Answer 14

Keep head midline with bed elevated to 30 degrees
Minimize oral suctioning and don’t do nasal suctioning
Instruct client to avoid coughing or blowing nose, can increase ICP

Question 15

Epidural Hematoma

Answer 15

Bleeding between dura and skull

Short period od unconsciousness followed by normal period for several hours and then coma from accumulation of blood

Question 16

Subdural Hematoma

Answer 16

Bleeding between dura and arachnoid membrane

Irritability, vomiting, increased head circumference

Question 17

Cerebral Edema

Answer 17

Increased ICP that can develop within 24 to 72 hours posttrauma

Question 18

Brain Herniation

Answer 18

Downward shift of brain tissue

Loss of blinking, loss of gag reflex, bradycardia, coma

Question 19

Impetigo Contagiosa

Answer 19

Reddish macule become vesicular and erupts leaving moist erosion on the skin and forming dry crusts
Spreads peripherally and by direct contact

Question 20

Pyoderma

Answer 20

Deeper infection into the dermis, possible systemic effects (fever)

Question 21

Folliculitis

Answer 21

Infection of hair follicle

Question 22

Furuncle

Answer 22

Boil

Large, swollen red lesion of a single hair follicle

Question 23

Carbuncle

Answer 23

Multiple boils

Question 24

Cellulitis

Answer 24

Firm, swollen, red area of skin and subcu tissue

Question 25

Verruca

Answer 25

Warts