Review Flashcards
How is matter classified?
Matter can be classified as a pure substance or a mixture
What is the difference between a homogenous and heterogeneous mixture?
In a heterogenus mixture the parts that are in it can be easily distinguished while in a homogenous mixture the substances mix together to make it look uniform or as one.
What is a suspension? (chemically)
A heterogeneous mixture in which particles settle slowly and are large enough to be trapped by a filter
What is a colloid?
A heterogeneous mixture with particles that are larger than those of the solution, and cannot settle
What is an emulsion?
An emulsion is to disperse particles for a larger period of time in a colloid e.g. Mayo * a emulsifying agent must be added
The particle Model of Matter
- All matter is made of particles 2. The particles are always moving 3. They have space between them 4. Move faster once heat is added 5. Are attracted to each other
What properties distinguish solids, gases, and liquids
Shape and volume, movement, compressibility, space, flow
Action of particles in a solid
Shape and volume: fixed shape and volume Movement: rigid-vibrating Compressibility: Not easily Space: Very little space Flow: Form pile when poured
Action of particles in a liquid
Shape and volume: takes shape of container Movement: can slide past molecules Compressibility: Not easily
Space: Little space
Flow: can be pored and create a flat surface, and flows to lowest level
Action of particles in a gas
Shape and volume: assume the shape and volume of the container
Movement: molecules can move past one another
Compressibility: Compressable
Space: Lots of free space
Flow: flow easily past each other in all directions to the higher level
Describe the Changes of State and the terminology used, when a substance undergoes a specific change of state.
Solid-Liquid: Melting Liquid-Gas: Evaporating Gas-Solid: Sublimation Solid-Gas: Sublimation Gas-Liquid: Condensation Liquid-Solid: Freezing
What conditions must be present to enable a material to dissolve
in another material?
One of the materials must be a solvent while the other should be a solute that is soluble in that solvent, and have the right temperature
Explain the difference between a solute and a solvent
The solvent is the substance in a solution that does the dissolving, while the solute is the substance in the solution that is dissolving.
Why is water called “the universal solvent”
This is because it dissolves more solutes than other solvents in the world
What affects the rate at which a material will dissolve
The temperature, type of solute and solvent, if it is being stirred or shaken, the amount of solute or solvent, all change the rate a material will dissolve.