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Social Studies Final Exam > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is diversity?

A

This term means to have differences and variety

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2
Q

What is multicultural?

A

This is how we describe a society which has people of many different ethnic backgrounds and traditions

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3
Q

Who were the Irish?

A

These immigrants came to America to escape hunger and poverty, but were the victims of anti-Catholic prejudice

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4
Q

What is the Middle Passage?

A

The crowded, unsanitary ship voyage taking kidnapped Africans to America to be sold as slaves

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5
Q

What are plantations?

A

The giant farms where many slaves lived, producing crops to be sold rather than used by the farmer

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6
Q

Who are the Democrats/ Democratic-Republicans?

A

This political party had faith in the common man’s ability to serve in government

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7
Q

What is protect the rights of the people?

A

According to the Declaration of Independence, this is the most important job of government.

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8
Q

What is “from the consent of the governed” (the people)?

A

According to the Declaration of Independence, this is where government gets its right to govern.

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9
Q

What are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?

A

According to the Declaration of Independence, these natural rights are “unalienable.”

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10
Q

What is the First Amendment?

A

This Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

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11
Q

The 1st Amendment does not protect all speech. What are two types of speech that are not protected by the 1st Amendment?

A

Obscenity
Fighting words/ inciting a riot
Clear and present danger to the nation

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12
Q

What is the Louisiana Purchase?

A

Jefferson urged Congress to approve this, because it doubled the size of the United States, and gave us control of the Mississippi

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13
Q

Who is Andrew Jackson?

A

This American President’s supporters said he was the hero of the common man, but he was accused of acting like a king by his enemies.

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14
Q

What is abolition/ to abolish?

A

To end something, especially slavery

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15
Q

Who is Dorothea Dix?

A

This woman tried to change the way prisoners and the mentally ill were treated

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16
Q

Who is Harriet Tubman?

A

Also known as Black Moses, this person led hundreds of blacks to freedom on the Underground Railroad

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17
Q

What is the cotton gin?

A

This machine made it faster and easier to process an important crop in the South

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18
Q

Who is William Lloyd Garrison?

A

This leading abolitionist founded the magazine,

“The Liberator.”

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19
Q

What is the Underground Railroad?

A

A secret network that helped slaves escape and get to the North.

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20
Q

What is the Declaration of Sentiments?

A

Written at the Seneca Falls Convention, this document called for equal rights for women

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21
Q

What is the Second Great Awakening?

A

This religious revival swept the country at around the same time as industrialization

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22
Q

What is the Erie Canal?

A

This enabled goods to travel from the port of New York all the way to the Great Lakes and the Northwest Territory

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23
Q

Who were the Cherokee?

A

This group was forced to march from Georgia to Indian Country in the Trail of Tears

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24
Q

Who was Samuel Slater?

A

This British engineer who emigrated to America built America’s first textile mill in Pawtucket, RI.

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25
Who was Frederick Douglass? or Who was Sojourner Truth?
This escaped slave became a leading speaker in the abolition movement and the women’s rights movement.
26
What is the temperance movement?
Women pushed for this reform, because drunk men often neglected or abused their wives and children
27
Who are immigrants?
They helped build America’s railroads, canals, and supplied cheap labor for the factories of the Industrial Revolution
28
What is urbanization?
This term refers to the rapid growth of cities
29
What was the Know-Nothing Party?
This political party pushed to restrict immigration, because they were anti-Catholic and because they feared that cheap immigrant labor would lower wages or take away their jobs.
30
What is the Industrial Revolution?
The change-over to mass production of goods using powered machinery, rather than hand-made goods
31
What is the suffrage movement?
The movement of women to win the right to vote
32
What is discrimination?
To treat a group poorly because of prejudices.
33
What is Manifest Destiny?
The belief that the United States was fated to take control of all of North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific
34
What is the Transportation Revolution?
Taking place at the same time as the Industrial Revolution, it included the development of national roads, canals, and steam travel
35
Who were Lewis and Clark (and what was the Lewis and Clark Expedition)?
They were sent out by Jefferson to chart and document what was gained in the Louisiana Purchase
36
What did Abraham Lincoln promise when he ran for President in the 1860 Presidential election?
He opposed the expansion of slavery, but pledged that it could remain where it existed
37
Who is Dred Scott?
This slave sued for his freedom, arguing that he became a free man when his master took him to a non-slave state.
38
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott decision?
The Supreme Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, and that slave owners could take their “property” wherever they wanted.
39
Who is Eli Whitney, and what is the cotton gin?
His invention, intended to end slavery, actually led to the expansion of slavery
40
Two founders of the women’s rights movement and organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention
He opposed the expansion of slavery, but pledged that it could remain where it existed
41
What did Abraham Lincoln promise when he ran for President in the 1860 Presidential election?
He opposed the expansion of slavery, but pledged that it could remain where it existed
42
Who is Dred Scott?
This slave sued for his freedom, arguing that he became a free man when his master took him to a non-slave state.
43
What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott decision?
The Supreme Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, and that slave owners could take their “property” wherever they wanted.
44
Who is Eli Whitney, and what is the cotton gin?
His invention, intended to end slavery, actually led to the expansion of slavery
45
Who are Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton?
Two founders of the women’s rights movement and organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention
46
Who is Henry Clay and what was the “American System”?
This man wanted to build roads and canals to tie the nation’s economy together.
47
What are internal improvements?
Clay’s American System used protective tariffs to build roads, canals and railroads. What do we call these projects?
48
Who is John Brown?
This radical abolitionist was hanged for treason after his attack on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA
49
What is the Indian Removal Act?
This law, promoted by Andrew Jackson, forced all Native Americans in the 5 Southeastern tribes to relocate to Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi
50
What are internal improvements?
The construction of roads, canals, and railroads to improve the speed and efficiency of transportation - to build the economy and tie the nation together
51
What is mass production?
Using powered machines to make standardized products, often on an assembly line, using unskilled labor
52
What is nativism?
Prejudice against immigrants and the desire to limit immigration to protect American jobs and culture
53
What is popular sovereignty?
The policy of allowing the settlers in a territory decide whether the new state would be free or slave
54
What is a reform movement?
A movement to improve a condition in society
55
What is the Spoils System?
Rotation in Office was promoted as a way for more common men to serve in government, but people who thought it was a way to punish political enemies and reward friends had a different name for it.
56
What is a territory?
Land owned by the United States, but not yet organized into a State
57
What is the Bill of Rights?
The first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution
58
What is the Compromise of 1850?
In this effort to avoid conflict over expansion, California was admitted as a free state, but a harsh Fugitive Slave law was passed.
59
What is the Fugitive Slave Law?
This law made it illegal to help an escaped slave or to interfere with slave catchers.
60
What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?
This law allowed the settlers in Kansas to choose whether Kansas would be a free or slave state (popular sovereignty), even though Kansas was above the Missouri Compromise line
61
What is the Missouri Compromise?
Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but Maine was added as a free state, keeping balance between free and slave states in the Senate, in this early effort to end conflict between slavery and abolitionist forces as the nation expanded west.
62
What is nullification?
The legal concept where South Carolina argued that it had the right to declare a federal law unconstitutional. South Carolina argued that the “Tariff of Abominations” was unconstitutional and that they did not need to collect the tariff.
63
Who is Nat Turner (and what was Turner’s Rebellion)?
He led a slave rebellion in Virginia, killing over 50 whites. The rebellion was defeated and the South responded by making harsher, more restrictive Slave Codes
64
What is an immigrant?
A person who moves to new home in another country
65
What is a canal?
A man-made waterway connecting two natural bodies of water
66
What is Due Process of Law?
The concept of innocence until proven guilty, and that the government must follow all laws and respect the accused’s rights
67
What is the Indian Removal Act?
This law ordered all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi to move to “Indian Country,” west of the Mississippi
68
What is a Protective Tariff?
A tax placed on imports, usually to protect American manufacturing from foreign competition

Social Studies Final Exam (1 decks)

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