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Social Studies Final Exam > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is diversity?

A

This term means to have differences and variety

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2
Q

What is multicultural?

A

This is how we describe a society which has people of many different ethnic backgrounds and traditions

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3
Q

Who were the Irish?

A

These immigrants came to America to escape hunger and poverty, but were the victims of anti-Catholic prejudice

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4
Q

What is the Middle Passage?

A

The crowded, unsanitary ship voyage taking kidnapped Africans to America to be sold as slaves

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5
Q

What are plantations?

A

The giant farms where many slaves lived, producing crops to be sold rather than used by the farmer

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6
Q

Who are the Democrats/ Democratic-Republicans?

A

This political party had faith in the common man’s ability to serve in government

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7
Q

What is protect the rights of the people?

A

According to the Declaration of Independence, this is the most important job of government.

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8
Q

What is “from the consent of the governed” (the people)?

A

According to the Declaration of Independence, this is where government gets its right to govern.

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9
Q

What are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?

A

According to the Declaration of Independence, these natural rights are “unalienable.”

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10
Q

What is the First Amendment?

A

This Amendment guarantees freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

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11
Q

The 1st Amendment does not protect all speech. What are two types of speech that are not protected by the 1st Amendment?

A

Obscenity
Fighting words/ inciting a riot
Clear and present danger to the nation

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12
Q

What is the Louisiana Purchase?

A

Jefferson urged Congress to approve this, because it doubled the size of the United States, and gave us control of the Mississippi

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13
Q

Who is Andrew Jackson?

A

This American President’s supporters said he was the hero of the common man, but he was accused of acting like a king by his enemies.

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14
Q

What is abolition/ to abolish?

A

To end something, especially slavery

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15
Q

Who is Dorothea Dix?

A

This woman tried to change the way prisoners and the mentally ill were treated

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16
Q

Who is Harriet Tubman?

A

Also known as Black Moses, this person led hundreds of blacks to freedom on the Underground Railroad

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17
Q

What is the cotton gin?

A

This machine made it faster and easier to process an important crop in the South

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18
Q

Who is William Lloyd Garrison?

A

This leading abolitionist founded the magazine,

“The Liberator.”

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19
Q

What is the Underground Railroad?

A

A secret network that helped slaves escape and get to the North.

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20
Q

What is the Declaration of Sentiments?

A

Written at the Seneca Falls Convention, this document called for equal rights for women

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21
Q

What is the Second Great Awakening?

A

This religious revival swept the country at around the same time as industrialization

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22
Q

What is the Erie Canal?

A

This enabled goods to travel from the port of New York all the way to the Great Lakes and the Northwest Territory

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23
Q

Who were the Cherokee?

A

This group was forced to march from Georgia to Indian Country in the Trail of Tears

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24
Q

Who was Samuel Slater?

A

This British engineer who emigrated to America built America’s first textile mill in Pawtucket, RI.

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25
Q

Who was Frederick Douglass?
or
Who was Sojourner Truth?

A

This escaped slave became a leading speaker in the abolition movement and the women’s rights movement.

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26
Q

What is the temperance movement?

A

Women pushed for this reform, because drunk men often neglected or abused their wives and children

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27
Q

Who are immigrants?

A

They helped build America’s railroads, canals, and supplied cheap labor for the factories of the Industrial Revolution

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28
Q

What is urbanization?

A

This term refers to the rapid growth of cities

29
Q

What was the Know-Nothing Party?

A

This political party pushed to restrict immigration, because they were anti-Catholic and because they feared that cheap immigrant labor would lower wages or take away their jobs.

30
Q

What is the Industrial Revolution?

A

The change-over to mass production of goods using powered machinery, rather than hand-made goods

31
Q

What is the suffrage movement?

A

The movement of women to win the right to vote

32
Q

What is discrimination?

A

To treat a group poorly because of prejudices.

33
Q

What is Manifest Destiny?

A

The belief that the United States was fated to take control of all of North America, from the Atlantic to the Pacific

34
Q

What is the Transportation Revolution?

A

Taking place at the same time as the Industrial Revolution, it included the development of national roads, canals, and steam travel

35
Q

Who were Lewis and Clark (and what was the Lewis and Clark Expedition)?

A

They were sent out by Jefferson to chart and document what was gained in the Louisiana Purchase

36
Q

What did Abraham Lincoln promise when he ran for President in the 1860 Presidential election?

A

He opposed the expansion of slavery, but pledged that it could remain where it existed

37
Q

Who is Dred Scott?

A

This slave sued for his freedom, arguing that he became a free man when his master took him to a non-slave state.

38
Q

What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott decision?

A

The Supreme Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, and that slave owners could take their “property” wherever they wanted.

39
Q

Who is Eli Whitney, and what is the cotton gin?

A

His invention, intended to end slavery, actually led to the expansion of slavery

40
Q

Two founders of the women’s rights movement and organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention

A

He opposed the expansion of slavery, but pledged that it could remain where it existed

41
Q

What did Abraham Lincoln promise when he ran for President in the 1860 Presidential election?

A

He opposed the expansion of slavery, but pledged that it could remain where it existed

42
Q

Who is Dred Scott?

A

This slave sued for his freedom, arguing that he became a free man when his master took him to a non-slave state.

43
Q

What was the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Dred Scott decision?

A

The Supreme Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, and that slave owners could take their “property” wherever they wanted.

44
Q

Who is Eli Whitney, and what is the cotton gin?

A

His invention, intended to end slavery, actually led to the expansion of slavery

45
Q

Who are Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

A

Two founders of the women’s rights movement and organizers of the Seneca Falls Convention

46
Q

Who is Henry Clay and what was the “American System”?

A

This man wanted to build roads and canals to tie the nation’s economy together.

47
Q

What are internal improvements?

A

Clay’s American System used protective tariffs to build roads, canals and railroads. What do we call these projects?

48
Q

Who is John Brown?

A

This radical abolitionist was hanged for treason after his attack on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA

49
Q

What is the Indian Removal Act?

A

This law, promoted by Andrew Jackson, forced all Native Americans in the 5 Southeastern tribes to relocate to Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi

50
Q

What are internal improvements?

A

The construction of roads, canals, and railroads to improve the speed and efficiency of transportation - to build the economy and tie the nation together

51
Q

What is mass production?

A

Using powered machines to make standardized products, often on an assembly line, using unskilled labor

52
Q

What is nativism?

A

Prejudice against immigrants and the desire to limit immigration to protect American jobs and culture

53
Q

What is popular sovereignty?

A

The policy of allowing the settlers in a territory decide whether the new state would be free or slave

54
Q

What is a reform movement?

A

A movement to improve a condition in society

55
Q

What is the Spoils System?

A

Rotation in Office was promoted as a way for more common men to serve in government, but people who thought it was a way to punish political enemies and reward friends had a different name for it.

56
Q

What is a territory?

A

Land owned by the United States, but not yet organized into a State

57
Q

What is the Bill of Rights?

A

The first ten Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

58
Q

What is the Compromise of 1850?

A

In this effort to avoid conflict over expansion, California was admitted as a free state, but a harsh Fugitive Slave law was passed.

59
Q

What is the Fugitive Slave Law?

A

This law made it illegal to help an escaped slave or to interfere with slave catchers.

60
Q

What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

A

This law allowed the settlers in Kansas to choose whether Kansas would be a free or slave state (popular sovereignty), even though Kansas was above the Missouri Compromise line

61
Q

What is the Missouri Compromise?

A

Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but Maine was added as a free state, keeping balance between free and slave states in the Senate, in this early effort to end conflict between slavery and abolitionist forces as the nation expanded west.

62
Q

What is nullification?

A

The legal concept where South Carolina argued that it had the right to declare a federal law unconstitutional. South Carolina argued that the “Tariff of Abominations” was unconstitutional and that they did not need to collect the tariff.

63
Q

Who is Nat Turner (and what was Turner’s Rebellion)?

A

He led a slave rebellion in Virginia, killing over 50 whites. The rebellion was defeated and the South responded by making harsher, more restrictive Slave Codes

64
Q

What is an immigrant?

A

A person who moves to new home in another country

65
Q

What is a canal?

A

A man-made waterway connecting two natural bodies of water

66
Q

What is Due Process of Law?

A

The concept of innocence until proven guilty, and that the government must follow all laws and respect the accused’s rights

67
Q

What is the Indian Removal Act?

A

This law ordered all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi to move to “Indian Country,” west of the Mississippi

68
Q

What is a Protective Tariff?

A

A tax placed on imports, usually to protect American manufacturing from foreign competition

Social Studies Final Exam (1 decks)

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