Review

Question 1

Cell theory

Answer 1

Cells are the basic unit of life

All humans are made of at least one cell

All cells come from pre existing cells

Question 2

Organelle

Answer 2

Cell structure that has a specific in job in each cell

Like the mitochondria

Question 3

DNA

Answer 3

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Contains all cell’s genetic info (in the nucleus)

Question 4

Diffusion

Answer 4

Method of Passive transport of molecules from area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 5

Osmosis

Answer 5

Passive transport where WATER will move so that the concentration of of solute is equal on both sides of cell

Question 6

What are the 3 types of osmosis

Answer 6

Isotonic, hypotonic, hypertonic

Question 7

Isotonic

Answer 7

Concentration inside cell is equal to outside

Question 8

Hypotonic

Answer 8

Higher concentration of water outside of the cell, water will then move into the cell (expanding or even bursting it)

Question 9

Hypertonic

Answer 9

Higher concentration of water inside cell, so water will move outside of cell (cell shrinks)

Question 10

Transport using gates

Answer 10

Type of active transport in which proteins absorb the molecules for transport

Question 11

Bulk transport

Answer 11

Type of active transport used when molecules are too big for proteins

Endocytosis (In)

Exocytosis (Out)

Question 12

Photosynthesis

Answer 12

Energy + water + carbon dioxide
=
Oxygen + glucose

Question 13

Cellular respiration

Answer 13

Oxygen + Glucose
=
Carbon Dioxide + water + energy

Question 14

Cell division/ mitosis

Answer 14

Cell Division: parent cell divides into two daughter cells

Mitosis: division of nuclear material

Question 15

Stages of cell division: mitosis

Answer 15

Interphase
Prophase 
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase 
Cytokinesis 

Interphase and cytokinesis not included in mitosis

Question 16

Interphase

Answer 16

Regular cell activity

Question 17

Prophase

Answer 17

Centrioles move to opposite sides of the cell, nuclear membrane dissolves

Question 18

Metaphase

Answer 18

Chromatids line up at centre of the cell

Question 19

Anaphase

Answer 19

Centrioles send out spindle fibres to grab the chromatids

Question 20

Telophase

Answer 20

Spindle fibres dissolve and chromatid lengthens as a unclear membrane forms

Question 21

Cytokinesis

Answer 21

Cytoplasm and rest of the organelles divide between the two cells

This stage usually occurs at the same time as telophase

Question 22

Cytokinesis in Plant cells vs Animal cells

Answer 22

Plant: cell wall forms

Animal: cell membrane develops by the sides being pinched

Question 23

Chromosome

Answer 23

Structure in cell that holds some of its DNA

Question 24

Chromatid

Answer 24

Long strand of DNA, two of these together form a chromosome

Question 25

Chromatin

Answer 25

Forms chromosomes in nucleus

Question 26

Centromere

Answer 26

Holds two chromatids together

Question 27

Cancer

Answer 27

Broad group of diseases resulting in uncontrolled cell division

Question 28

Tumour

Answer 28

Mass of cells continuing to grow and divide

Question 29

Metastasis

Answer 29

Cells leave primary tumour to form a secondary one

Question 30

Carcinogen

Answer 30

Environmental factor that can cause cancer

Question 31

Specialized cell

Answer 31

Cells that can perform certain functions

Question 32

Tissue

Answer 32

Collection of cells that can perform a function

Question 33

Organ

Answer 33

Structure made of different tissues that can perform various tasks

Question 34

Organ system

Answer 34

System of several organs that can perform a task

Question 35

Epithelial tissue

Answer 35

Type of tissue that covers organs and body surfaces Skin

Question 36

Connective tissue

Answer 36

Tissue that provides support to parts of the body

Question 37

Bones

Answer 37

Hard and sense tissue

Question 38

Ligaments

Answer 38

Hold bones and movable joints together

Question 39

Cartilage

Answer 39

Form a joint at the end of bones

Question 40

What are the 3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 40

Skeletal Smooth Cardia

Question 41

Skeletal muscle

Answer 41

Voluntary movement

Question 42

Smooth muscle

Answer 42

Involuntary Line our organs and blood vessels

Question 43

Cardiac muscle

Answer 43

Involuntary Found in our heart

Question 44

Nervous tissue

Answer 44

Made of nerve cells Send messages around the body

Question 45

Cell differentiation

Answer 45

Process where cell becomes specialized

Question 46

Stem cell

Answer 46

Un-differentiated Can divide into specialized cells

Question 47

Artery

Answer 47

Thick blood vessel carrying blood away from heart

Question 48

Vein

Answer 48

Blood vessel carrying blood to our heart

Question 49

Capillary

Answer 49

Small blood vessel that performs gas exchange

Question 50

Alveoli

Answer 50

Small sac of air in your lung surrounded by capillaries, gas exchange then occurs between the air and blood

Question 50

Neuron

Answer 50

Nerve cell