Review Flashcards
What are the macromolecules? What are their subunits?
Protein - amino acid
Lipid - fatty acids and triglycerides
CHO - monosaccharides
The four types of tissues are:
connective tissue – binds organs together, supports and protects, fills spaces, produces blood cells and stores fat
epithelial tissue –covers surfaces and lines body cavities
muscular tissue – skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle – contracts and expands in order to move bone, substances or blood
nerve tissue – nerve cell is also called a neuron – transmits information throughout the body in the form of electro-chemical im
What is the main function or purpose of carbohydrates in the body? How are they used and how are they stored? What is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate? What are the main food sources of carbohydrates in the diet?
The main function of CHO in the body is to supply energy. All CHO’s are broken down into basic units or subunits called monosaccharides. The monosaccharide, glucose, is used by the cell in cellular respiration to produce energy for the cell. If the body has an excess of CHO’s, the liver will convert the excess glucose molecules into a polysaccharide called glycogen, and store this molecule in the liver and muscles. Once these sites are full, and if glucose is still in excess, the liver will convert the glucose into fat and store it in adipose tissue. Main food sources of CHO’s in the diet are breads, pasta, rice, potatoes etc.
Are simple or complex carbohydrates better for you?
It is better to eat complex CHO foods rather than simple CHO foods, because the release of glucose into the blood stream is more gradual and will not produce sudden spikes or increases in blood glucose levels. Complex carbohydrates are also likely to contain other nutrients such as vitamins and minerals.
Name the three macromolecules of life we have studied. Which of these are organic molecules?
The three macromolecules of life we studied are:
i)carbohydrates – organic
ii)lipids – organic
iii) protein – organic
Explain the difference between monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides and give examples of each
Monosaccharide is a ‘one sugar’ molecule – glucose, fructose, galactose molecules are examples of monosaccharides
Disaccharide is a ‘two sugar’ molecule – maltose, sucrose, lactose molecules are examples of disaccharides
Polysaccharide is a ‘many sugar’ molecule – starch, glycogen and cellulose (fibre) molecules are examples of polysaccharides
What is glucose? What is glycogen?
Glucose is a monosaccharide molecule that is used in cellular respiration combining with oxygen to release energy for the cell.
Glycogen is a polysaccharide or complex CHO. It is the storage form of glucose in animals. In the human it is stored in the liver and muscle.
Oils are _______ fatty acid?
Unsaturated
