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CMSD5280 Audition ll > Review 4 Audition II Psychoacoustics > Flashcards

Review 4 Audition II Psychoacoustics Flashcards

1
Q

Temporal processing includes

A

Temporal resolution for following the quick change of signal with time, and temporal integration for using information accumulated over a time period to improve hearing

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2
Q

The temporal resolution can be tested in following tests except:

A

Simultaneous masking

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3
Q

How the bandwidth of the gap marker impacts the gap threshold?

A

Wider the bandwidth, lower the threshold

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4
Q

How does hearing loss impact the gap detection threshold?

A

A. flat hearing loss may not change the gap detection threshold
B. High-frequency hearing loss elevates the threshold of gap detection with broadband markers

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5
Q

In the cross-channel gap detection test, the two gap markers are___, and the performance is generally _____the within channel test.

A

In different frequency region, worse than

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6
Q

Temporal process is important in which aspect(s) of signal processing?

A

A. Frequency discrimination
B. Speech perception
C. Signal detection in noise
D. Enjoy the timbre of different instruments
E. Sound source localization

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7
Q

Which time frame is generally okay for estimating the temporal resolution of the auditory system?

A. 50 ms
B. 16.6 ms
C. 10 ms
D. 2-6 ms

A

2-6 ms

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8
Q

Which parameter is placed coded in IC in addition to frequency?
A. The direction of frequency modulation
B. The best modulation frequency
C. The gap detection threshold
D. the time difference between ears

A

B. The best modulation frequency

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9
Q

The masked threshold of a pure tone is_______ with the frequency of the tone when the masker is white noise.

unchanged
Decreased
Increased
uncertain

A

C.
White noise has even density. The intensity of the noise in CB is the effective masker, which is the production of BW of CB and density. Since the density is unchanged, and the BW of CB is increased with frequency, therefore the intensity of the noise (the masker) in the CB increases with the frequency. Put together, the effective masker level increases with the frequency due to increasing BW of CB.

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10
Q

Please define critical band using your own words.

A

band of audio frequencies within which a second tone will interfere with the perception of the first tone by auditory masking.

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11
Q

What is co-modulation masking release?

A

improvement in the detection threshold of a masked signal that occurs when the masker envelopes are correlated across frequency

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12
Q

What is masking overshoot?

A

The phenomenon where signal detectability improves for a short-duration signal as the onset of that signal is delayed relative to the onset of a longer-duration masker.

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13
Q

What is informational masking? How is it different from energetic masking?

A

Degradation of auditory detection or discrimination of a signal embedded in a context of other similar sounds at a higher auditory level; it is not related to energetic masking caused by physical interactions between signal and masker in the cochlea.

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14
Q

What are the similarities and differences between informational masking and central masking?

A

Occur at a higher level
Informational masking threshold 30 dB
Central Masking 15 dB

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15
Q

What are the major mechanisms of hearing signals in noise?

A

Binaural Processing
Inhibition to spatial filtering
Mechanisms of Higher TR
Low-SR ANF and (cochlear) efferent control
Interaction between ascending and descending

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16
Q

Comparison on Fre discrimination tested with FM and pulsed signals.

A

FM result is better at high frequency region but worse at low frequency than the result of the pulsed signals

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17
Q

The best frequency discrimination threshold in the low-frequency region is about:

A

10 Hz

18
Q

How does the frequency discrimination threshold change with signal intensity?

A
19
Q

How can we measure CB?

A

By observing threshold change with the signal bandwidth
By observing the changes of masked threshold with the bandwidth of the masker
By measuring the change of loudness with the change of signal bandwidth
By measuring the change of the threshold of acoustic reflex with signal bandwidth.

20
Q

About critical band (CB):
How many CBs are there across the whole frequency range of human hearing up to 16 k?
How many just detectable steps are there in frequency discrimination in each CB?
How long distance is covered by each CB across BM?
How many mels are covered by each CB?

A

24 CB
25 steps in each CB
CB = 1.3mm
100 mels = 1 bark = 1.3mm

21
Q

How does intensity impact pitch with increasing sound level?

A

Low frequency sound produce lower pitch and high-frequency sound produces higher pitch, no change with middle frequency sound

22
Q

To produce a clear tonal sensation, the tone burst must be at least :

A

3-4 ms or 6 cycles

23
Q

Perception of missing fundamentals is largely due to:

A

Neurons synchrony to the periodicity of vibration at the region excited by the high harmonics.

24
Q

Examples that cannot be explained by periodicity theory for missing fundamentals:

A

Missing F0 can be heard by a sequential presentation of three harmonics (each 40 ms, interval 10 ms) in noise, but the pitches of each harmonic in quiet

Pitch can be established by presenting different harmonics dichotically, non-harmonic sounds can still produce pitch

25
Q

What factors pitch perception?

A

Onset time
Harmonic partials
Number of harmonics
Modulation and co-modulation
Dichotic presentation

26
Q

Timbre are mainly determined by

A

Spectrum
Dynamics characteristics
Integrity of hearing system

27
Q

Binaural benefits

A

Increased loudness
Improved discrimination
Improved identification
Improved perception in noise
Improved sound localization

28
Q

How playing speed impacts the sensation of mixed high and low-frequency tones?

A

Playing in low speed makes them into one stream

29
Q

Co-modulation masking release disappears when

A

Signal band and flanking band shows different onset time

30
Q

Sound localization task is first divided into

A

Azimuth and vertical plans

31
Q

The cues for localization in azimuth include

A

ITD
IPD
ILD

32
Q

The cues for sound localization in vertical plan includes

A

Spectrum

33
Q

About ITD, which statement below is the best

A

Determined by head size, change with frequency, the direction of the sound source, and related with IPD

34
Q

About ITD and ILD, which statement below is incorrect?

A, The relative importance of those cues changes with species
B. The relative importance of those cues changes with signal frequency
C. They are determined by different factors
D. They contribute equally to the sound localization in azimuth.

A

They contribute equally to the sound localization in azimuth

35
Q

The shadow effect is

A

Important for the sound localization in azimuth for the high frequency

36
Q

To breakdown the front-back confusion, which cue(s) must be used

A

Spectrum

37
Q

About ITD and IPD, which statement below is incorrect?

A. They are equal
B. IPD is resulted from ITD but also impacted by signal frequency
C. IPD is more important for localization of continuous sound
D. ITD is more important for the onset and offset.

A

They are equal

38
Q

When using earphones for a sound localization test, how to set up the sound source from 45 degrees in azimuth using ILD?

A

Make ILD = 9 dB

39
Q

The minimal time difference between both ears that can be detected by humans is

A

10 us

40
Q

The largest masking level difference is produced by

A

SpiNo

CMSD5280 Audition ll (19 decks)

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