Review 4 Flashcards
In the 1930s it became clear to everyone that the League of Nations
was corrupt
The assassination of Engelbert Dollfuss led to
tension between Hitler and Mussolini
In 1935, Mussolini announced that he was creating a “New Roman Empire” after his invasion of
Ethiopia
What limited the effectiveness of League of Nations’ sanctions against Germany?
The sanctions were not enforceable against non-members
The relationship between Hitler and Mussolini improved because, after Mussolini’s invasion of Ethiopia, Italy needed
oil
On the eve of WW!!, which European country was plagued by civil war?
Spain
Which countries supported Franco in the Spanish Civil War?
Germany and Italy
Which of these was the question raised by the Spanish Civil War?
Would the Western democracies oppose dictators?
The Anschluss was Germany’s
union with Austria
The goal of the Anschluss was
revenge the damages done by Treaty of Versailles
In arguing for self-determination in the Sudetenland, Hitler was appealing to
the United Nations
The Sudetenland could best be described as the
western rim of Czechoslovakia
Chamberlain boasted of finally achieving “peace in our time” after
the Munich Conference
The policy of appeasement in the 1930s was influenced most heavily by
the Cold War
The invasion of Czechoslovakia revealed which of these?
Hitler’s imperialist goals
The British rescued trapped soldiers after they were pushed west to
Dunkirk
Who replaced Neville Chamberlain as prime minister of Britain?
Winston Churchill
What made the fall of France so shocking?
Hitler appeared now as a threat greater than Germany in World War I
Which of these remained neutral in World War II?
Spain
Hitler relied on bombing in the Battle of Britain because
a assault by sea was unwinnable
The British won the battle of Britain largely due to
the Royal Navy
When the Nazis initially invaded the Soviet Union
they were welcomed by many as liberators
Which of these switched sides from the First to Second World War?
Japan
What was the effect of Japanese invasion on China’s civil war?
The Japanese found the internal conflict made their invasion easy
The Rape of Nanjing caused global condemnation against
Japan
Japan’s primary goal in invading Manchuria was the region’s
rich natural resources
The man who planned the attack on Pearl Harbor was
Isoroku Yamamoto
Who was the president of the United States when Pearl Harbor was bombed?
Franklin Roosevelt
Japan’s strategy failed at Midway because
several American battleships were on routine training missions
Midway Island was important to the United States in 1942 because
it was the last United States possession in the Pacific
Rommel was set by Hitler to Africa
because of the failure of the Italians
Hitler diverted his attention from the drive for Moscow, instead turning his forces southeast, becuase
he wanted to reach the oil in the Caucasus
Who was the leader of Hitler’s forces in Africa?
Bernard Montgomery
Which battle was considered to be the turning point of the war in East Asia?
Midway
Rommel’s defeat in Africa was largely due to
the development of the tank
Kursk, like Midway, marked which of these?
the inferiority of Axis weaponry
Which battle’s remains are visible from outer space even today?
Kursk
The Soviet troops famously fought house-by-house at the battle of
Stalingrad
Who led the Allies to victory in Africa?
Erwin Rommel
The horrors of ground warfare highlighted by the atrocities committed by the Japanese at
Pearl Harbor
The Japanese, during World War II, claimed to be acting to
rid Asia of Western imperialist
What was the largest tank battle in WWII?
Kursk
The turning point of the war on Europe’s eastern front was the battle of
Kursk
Resistance to the Nazis in Europe can be said to have been
unsuccessful
What was Eichmann’s role in the planning of the Final Solution?
he was an expert in train scheduling
What did Benito Mussolini and Hungary’s Nicholas Horthy have in common?
Both assisted Hitler’s campaign against Europe’s Jews
Which country safety evacuated its Jewish population to Sweden?
Denmark
The Germans were surprised by D-Day because
they believed that the United States would defeat Japan before arriving in Europe
Which of these worked with the D-Day invasion to defeat Hitler?
the Soviet assault from the east
At which conference did the Allies agree to divide postwar Germany?
Yalta
Which of these had Japan erroneously assumed when creating its Asian empire?
The United States would never confront Japan in force
Douglas MacArthur was widely criticized for his
arrogance
Why were the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa signicant American victories in the East Asian theater?
because of their proximity to mainland Japan
Prior to the dropping of nuclear weapons, Japan
wanted to surrender if they could keep their emperor
Harry Truman refused to accept Japan’s conditional surrender because
he was misinformed of the terms of the surrender
The United Nations differed from the League of Nations in what way?
it excluded Germany
What was the approximate death toll from the Second World War?
60 million
In the 1930s, the Western democracies differed dramatically from Germany and Italy in
their reluctance to confront dictatorships
Truman’s demeanor became increasingly assertive at Potsdam because
Stalin refused to join American efforts to defeat Japan
In the West, Communism was opposed by
capitalism
Why did Stalin get so much of what he wanted at the Yalta conference?
The conference was held in the Soviet Union
Which of these was NOT a major reason for American dominance of the Potsdam conference?
The U.S. had successfully tested the atom bomb
Which man coined the term “iron curtain”?
Winston Churchill
Which of the following stated that the United States would intervene to protect any country threatened by armed minorities or outside pressure?
Truman Doctrine
What was the main target of the Truman Doctrine?
spreading Communism
Which American policy maker applied the phrase “containment” to foreign policy?
George F. Kennan
The Marshall Plan supported Europe economically to
rout the spread of Communism
The Soviet Union’s response to the Marshall Plan was to
Comecon
Which American president wanted to reduce U.S. defense costs by adopting a policy of massive retaliation?
Dwight Eisenhower
Massive Retaliation was a policy that depended heavily on
the Air Force
Which of the following nations was NOT one of the original members of NATO?
Poland
What was the unanticipated consequence of the policy of massive retaliation?
the defense industry was incapable of supplying the necessary weapons
Which of these processes did both capitalist and Communist powers hope to use to spread their ideologies?
decolonization
Which of these controlled most of West Africa in 1950?
France
Which of these had achieved independence by the end of World War II?
Morocco
Who was Patrice Lumumba and why did the United States orchestrate his ouster?
He was the president of the Congo, and he was supported by the USSR
In supporting regimes around the world, what was the main consideration for the U.S.?
opposing Communism
Which of these was NOT aligned with either the Warsaw Pact or NATO in the twentieth century?
Ireland
Which of these Communist countries remained outside the Warsaw Pact?
Yugoslavia
What was the subject of the “secret speech”?
the fall of Communism
Which of these took place in 1960, forestalling an early end to the Cold War?
the Paris summit conference
American president John F. Kennedy made a famous speech in which he declared that, “Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect. But…….”
“we have never had to put up a wall to keep our people in.”
Where did the Cold War intensify in the late 1950s?
Cuba
Which two leaders squared off in the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Kennedy and Khrushchev
In the 1950s and 1960s, Europe was
recovering with difficulty
The expansion of the Common Market was hampered by
Charles de Gaulle
Which country as blocked from joining the EEC by Charles de Gaulle?
Great Britain
the purpose of the Common Market was to allow Western European countries to
compete on a global level
Which of these was a sign of insecurity in the U.S. concerning the spread of Communism?
McCarthyism
Which of these joined the Common Market considerably earlier than the others?
France
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. attempted to bring racial equality to all Americans by using techniques adopted from
Mahatma Gandhi
In the early 1950s, widespread fear and panic regarding the infiltration of communists in American society. This was known as the
Red Scare
The Red Scare began after accusations were leveled by
Joseph McCarthy
The baby boom generation refers to babies born in massive numbers after the end of
World War II
Richard Nixon did all of the following EXCEPT
accelerate the draft
