Review Flashcards
Where did Dr. King give his famous “I have a dream…” Speech in 1963?
Washington, D.C.
What war goal did Woodrow Wilson set as public policy during World War I?
Keeping the world safe for democracy
Lincoln’s _____ shifted his goals for winning the civil war from preserving the union to abolitionism.
Emancipation Proclamation
Who was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
What was the practice of using public offices/jobs to benefit members of the winning party?
spoils systems
Where was the constitution written?
Philidelphia
Who was the “Father of the constitution?”
James Madison
What war won by the US, in 1840’s led to enormous territorial gains?
Mexican war
What is the belief in US destiny to stretch from ocean to ocean?
Manifest Destiny
What is the seizing of islands closer and closer to japan to use as bases for air attacks on Japan
Island hopping
Truman ordered use of the atomic bombs on ____ and _____ to prevent american casualties if invaded Japan
Hiroshima and nagasaki
Documents that officially started the women’s right movement?
Seneca Falls Declaration
What were the three main cash crops of the new world?
tobacco, rice, and indigo
Who wrote “ Common Sense “ ?
Thomas Paine
Who led the Federalist?
Alexander Hamilton
Who led the Democratic-Republicans?
Thomas Jefferson
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
What is the three-fifths compromise?
When the south counts each black person as three-fifths of a person
What was Teddy Roosevelt’s progressive plan?
square deal
Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war?
Fourteen points
What year did World War 1 start for the world? For the United States?
1914 for the world
1917 for the United States
What year did the stock market crash?
1929
What started World War 2 for Europe? For the United States?
Hitler’s invasion of Poland in Europe.
Pearl Harbor for the United States
During WW II, What is the seizing of islands closer and closer to japan to use for bases to use air attacks on Japan
Island hopping
Truman ordered us of the atomic bombs on ____ and _____ to prevent american casualties if invaded Japan
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
What was the removal of Cherokee Indians from Georgia to present day Oklahoma?
Trail of Tears
President during the Civil War, who insisted that the union be held together, by force if necessary.
Abraham Lincoln
_____ was the site of Lee’s surrender to Grant.
Appomattox
What was the Supreme Court’s decision that overturned efforts to limit the spread of slavery?
Dred Scott Case
Two people important to the Women Rights Movement.
Susan B. Anthony,
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
___ was the first confrontation of the Civil War.
Fort Sumter
Documents that officially started the womens right moment
Seneca Falls Declaration
What act gave president authority to sell or lend equipment to countries to defend themselves against the axis power?
Lend-Lease Act
What were 2 causes of the Great Depression?
Stock Market Crash 1929
High Protective Tariffs
What insured the Allies victory in World War I
American Entry
Who was the chairman of the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
Who believed that the national government should be stronger than the state?
Federalists
What group of people were removed from their homeland, put onto reservations, or killed?
American Indians
Who was Florida acquired from?
Spain
What made farming more profitable?
The mechanical reaper
What did the cowboys do?
Long cattle drives
____ believed that education was meaningless without political and social equality.
W.E.B Dubois
___ prevents any business structure that “restrains trade” (monopolies)
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
___ workers helped build the transcontinental railroad
Chinese
What were the 3 “R’s” of FDR’s New Deal.
Relief, Recovery, Reform
What act gave president authority to sell or lend equipment to countries to defend themselves against the axis power.
Lend-Lease Act
Economic depression resulting from reckless speculation that caused bank failures and dissatisfaction with state banks for public funds.
Panic of 1837
Many New England religious leaders who saw slavery as a violation of Christian principles
Abolitionists
How long did the United States remain neutral during World War II?
2 years
Which Treaty brought an end to World War I?
Treaty of Versailles
How did congress limit immigration?
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Immigration Restriction Act of 1921
Westward settlement intensified between ___ and ___.
Mississippi to the Pacific
What caused discrimination/segregation against blacks to intensify?
Jim Crow Laws
What nationality struggled to obtain desegregation of the arm force and end discriminatory hiring practices?
African American
drew an East-to-West line through the Louisiana purchase, with slavery prohibited above the line.
Missouri Compromise (1820)
What President activated the Dollar Diplomacy?
President Taft
what did the draft/selective service do?
provide personnel for the military.
Who were some big industrial leaders?
Carnegie (steel)
Morgan (finance)
Rockefeller (oil)
Vanderbilt (railroads)
was followed by the secession of several Southern states that feared Lincoln would try to abolish slavery
Election of Lincoln (1860)
What were the two countries fighting during the Cold War
Soviet Union and USA
Lead a communist revolution in Cuba in the late 1950’s
Fidel Castro
Defensive alliance between the USSR and eastern Europe
Warsaw Pact
Nixon won the election by promising what?
Peace with Honor
CIA sponsored attempt by Cuban exiles
Bay of Pigs
Following Japan’s defeat in WW2 what country was it occupied by?
Merica
Created a defensive alliance among the USA and western Europe?
NATO
What year did the USSR test their first nuclear weapon?
1950s
Drills conducted at school to prepare for nuclear warfare?
Duck and cover drills
When was JFK assassinated?
November 22, 1963
Who said “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall.”
Ronald Reagan
North Vietnam refused to agree to peace on what?
US terms
What are the three branches of Government?
Legislative, Executive, & Judicial
What did the Virginia Declaration of Rights establish?
Rights that should not be violated by government.
Who won the War of 1812?
United States
American migration into Texas led to an armed revolt against ________ rule and a famous battle at the_______.
Mexico, Alamo
US ties to Great Britain led the US to enter ___ war?
World War One
Why was JFK assassinated?
let the discussion begin (ha! ha!)
What three reasons did people came to America for?
Religious freedoms,
economic opportunity,
Colonization for heiarchy
What became the central issue in the election of 1832?
Andrew Jackson’s veto
The turning point of the civil war is _____?
Gettysburg
What became the central issue in the election of 1832?
Veto
What is the name of Lincoln’s speech at cemetery dedication?
Gettysburg Address
What is McCarthyism?
The making of false accusations based on rumor or guilty by association.
What ended Slavery in the south?
Emancipation Proclamation
What did Nixon promise in order to win the 1968 election?
“peace with honor in Vietnam “
How was responsible for the building of the Panama Canal?
Theodore Roosevelt
What treaty ended World War I
Treaty of Versailles
Over speculation in what, was one of the causes of The Great Depression?
The Stock Market
What were the impacts of The Great Depression?
Unemployment, bank closings,
political unrest, farm foreclosures,
migration (Okies)
What was Open Door Policy?
All nations have equal trading rights in China
What provided financial aid to rebuild Europe and prevent the spread of communism?
Marshall Plan
What established the policy of containment?
Truman Doctrine
Soviet missiles discovered in Cuba?
Cuban Missile Crisis.
Examples of Containment in Asia?
Vietnam War & Korean War
Who were the spies (all) and which one was executed for spying for the Soviet Union?
Alger Hiss and Julius & Ethel Rosenburg
The destruction/persecution of a racial, political, cultural, or religious group.
Genocide
The U.S. attempted to cut off ________ supplies through submarine warfare against shipping.
Japanese
The _______ _______ fought in units and were not segregated.
Mexican Americans
Two events that fueled the Revolutionary War in Massachusetts were?
Boston Tea Party, Boston Massacre
what year was the homestead act?
1862
what kind of factories did immigrants work in 1900’s?
textile and steel mills
who entered the work force during WWI also resulted in the 19th amendment?
women
what intensified Jim crow laws?
discrimination/segregation against blacks
what two cities where left in ruins after the civil war?
Richmond / Atlanta
who believed in vocational education and economic success?
Booker T. Washington
What is MacCarthyism?
The making of false accusations based on rumor or guilty by association.
What was the cause of the Panic of 1837?
Andrew Jackson put government money back in the state banks causing economic depression
What ended Slavery in the Southern states during the Civil War?
Emancipation Proclamation
Countries of Eastern Europe were called…
Satellite States of the Soviet Union
How was the Articles of Confederation a failure for the newly formed government?
weak national gov. congress did not have power to tax or regulate commerce. no common currency. each state one vote. no judicial or executive branches.
What did the constitution limit?
limited the powers of the federal gov.
How many senators did the great compromise allow per state?
2 per state
which president purchased the Louisiana territory?
Thomas Jefferson.
Sacajawea helped who explore the Louisiana territory?
Lewis + Clark
American entry into World War I insured what?
Allied Victory
Why did Woodrow Wilson want to enter World War I?
To make the world safe for Democracy
In the 1930, militaristic Japan attempted to dominate Asia by invading _______ and ________.
Manchuria and China
What did Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser lead?
Slave Rebellions
Hitler’s invasion of what country started World War II?
Poland
what did Nixon promise in order to win the 1968 election?
“peace with honor”
When was Jamestown established?
1607
Who was the first man to walk on the moon?
Neil Armstrong
Who helped develop a vaccine for polio?
Dr. Jonas Salk and Sabin
Which court case desegregated schools?
Brown vs. Board of Education
What speech influenced the public to support civil rights laws?
“I have a dream” by Martin Luther King
Women entering the workforce resulted in what?
affordable day care, equitable pay
What are two reasons for immigration?
Political freedom and economic opportunity
What did FDR do to get to the country out of the Great Depression?
The New Deal
what is the railroad workers strike that was broken up by the goverment because of US mail.
Pullman Strike
Union military commander who won victories over the South after several union commanders had failed.
Ulysses S. Grant
Former slave/ prominent black abolitionist; urged Lincoln to recruit former slaves to fight in the union army.
Frederick Douglas
which colonies had a agricultural economy system?
Southern Colonies
Drew a east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase
Missouri Compromise
Followed by the secession of several Southern States that feared Lincoln would abolish slavery.
Election of Lincoln
What was the steel worker strike in Pennsylvania called?
Homestead Strike
This event was the starting point of the war and involved the “Minutemen” in Massachusetts fought a brief skirmish with British Troops.
Lexington & Concord
This event housed representatives from all 13 colonies and was the first time the colonies acted together.
First Continental Congress
US gave Britain what in WWII?
War supplies and old naval war ships.
The Square Deal limited the power of what?
Monopolies
Hitler turned on who in WWII?
Soviet Union
This region was settled by Puritans seeking freedom from religious persecution in Europe.
New England
This region was settled by English, Dutch, and German speaking people seeking religious freedom and economic opportunity.
Middle Atlantic Colonies
Who had a agricultural economy system?
Southern States
Drew a east west line through the Louisiana Purchase
Missouri Compromise
followed by the secession of several Southern States that feared Lincoln would abolish slavery.
Election of Lincoln
Where was the turning point in Eastern Europe?
City of Stalingrad
Where did the US Naval forces defeat the much larger Japanese forces?
Midway
What group of African American airmen served in Europe with distinction?
The Tuskegee Airmen
In what event did the Japanese soldiers force the american prisoners to march 60 miles to a prison camp?
The Bataan Death March
What was the attempt to ensure the humane treatment of prisoners of wars by establishing rules to be followed by all nations?
The Geneva Convention
June 6, 1944 when allied american troops under Eisenhower landed on the beaches of Normandy.
D-Day
The systematic persecution of a racial, political, cultural, or religious group.
Genocide
Germany’s decision to eliminate Jews and other undesirables
The Final Solution
Violent laborint the 1880s protests in Chicago, 8 arrests and 4 executed
Haymarket Square
American military resources of soldiers and war materials
led to Germans defeat
Steel worker strike in Pennsylvania
Homestead Strike
These people agreed to work on Tobacco Plantations for a set time to pay for passage to the New World or relief from debt.
Indentured Servants
To give 160 acres of land to anyone who would live on and farm the land for 5 years is called what?
Homestead Act of 1862
What was three things the south encountered during Reconstruction?
Factories Destroyed
Farms Destroyed
Railroads Destroyed
What was the period called during the early 20th century did Blacks begin moving to Northern cities for jobs and to escape poverty and discrimination in the south?
The Great Migration
What part of the US had these qualities during the Reconstruction era:
Strong, Industrial economies, foundation for US as global economic power in 20th century
North/Midwest
What are 3 examples of labor conditions during the time period of Immigration and Industrialization?
Child Labor
Dangerous
Long Hours
No benefits or job security
What occurred during the Women’s Movement during the Progressive Movement era?
Entry into labor force during WWI
Resulted in 19th amenedment (right to vote)
What court case established judicial review?
Marbury vs. Madison
What court case prohibited states from taxing agencies of the federal government (“the power to tax is the power to destroy”)?
McCulloch Vs Maryland
What territory did Thomas Jefferson buy from France?
Louisiana Purchase
What outlawed the established church and gov’t support for one church?
Virginia statue of religious freedom
What was the first peaceful transition of power when jefferson defeated adams for presidency?
Election of 1800
What were the reasons for immigration?
Political freedom and economic opportunity
How did Americans have access to information in the 1990’s?
Cable TV, personal computers, and cellphones
What were some contributions of immigrants in modern age?
Popularity of ethnic food and art, important to the labor force
Who was the first American astronaut to orbit the earth?
John Glenn
Who was the first female astronaut?
Sally Ride
What does the NAACP stand for?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Which president proposed the ‘race to space’?
John F. Kennedy
When did the stock market crash?
1929
After the war in Europe began, Hitler turned on his former partner and invaded this country?
Soviet Union
What caused the great depression?
Over speculation in stock market, stock market crash, high protective tarrifs
The social security act offered___ for workers
Safeguards for retirement
Which presidents progressive plan was the square deal?
Teddy Roosevelt
Who made the 14 points?
Wilson
Which treaty ended WWI?
Treaty of Versailles
Who was the confederate general of the Army of Northern Virginia?
Robert E. Lee
Nat Turner lead___?
rebellions/slave revolt
Election of Lincoln was followed by the secession of several ______ states that feared Lincoln would try to abolish slavery
Southern
What speech did Lincoln give at the cemetery dedication?
Gettysburg Address
What president brought the end to the 2nd bank of the United States?
Jackson
Who was the author of “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Secretary of state John Hay wrote which memo?
Open door policy
Which settlement’s economy was based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small scale subsistence farming, and manufacturing?
Puritans
What colony had religious tolerance?
Maryland
What was the first permanent English settlement in America?
Jamestown
Who was a leader in the British army and later leader of the American Army?
George Washington
During the Great Awakening, what two evangelical religions had rapid growth?
Methodist and Baptists
Who negotiated a treaty of alliance with France?
Benjamin Franklin
During what massacre were British troops fired on by anti-British demonstrators?
Boston Massacre
What is it called when southerner’s argued that individual states could (cancel) laws passed by congress ?
nullification
What was a new tax on legal documents to pay for war and cost of protecting colonies?
Stamp Act
Who was the first woman to serve on the US Supreme court?
Sandra Day O’Connor
Name two improved technologies in teh 1990s
Personal computers and cellular phone,
Name two improved media sources in teh 1990s
Cable TV/ 24 hour news and world wide web.
The civil rights act of 1964 did what?
There was no longer discrimination and desegregated public discrimination.
What was the “Pink Collar Ghetto”
Low prestige and low paying job for wome
Who argued the Brown vs. Board of Education
Thurgood Marshall and Oliver Hill
What were contributions of immigrants?
Popularity of Ethnic food, music and art.
What was the glass ceiling?
Perception that career advancement for women is not equal to men.
What were the results of Brown vs The Board of Education
segregated schools unequal and must desegregate
The Souths response to integration
massive resistance
no discrimination of race, religion, national origin, gender, etc.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed literacy tests, and had an increase of black voters
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Developed the vaccine for polio.
Salk and Sabine
The first woman to serve on the United States Supreme Court.
Sandra Day O’ Connor
List two things that immigrants contributed to society:
Popularized ethnic food, music and arts
Important to the labor force
List two effects of immigration on public policy in modern times:
Number of Cuban Americans encouraged a tough policy toward Cuba
Bilingual education/English as a Second Language (ESL) course
used government to reform problems created by industrialization
progressive movement
list three progressive election reforms
primary election
direct election of US senators (17th amend.)
secret ballot
list 2 Progressive business reforms
Clayton anti-trust act
Sherman Anti-trust act
court case seperate but equal
plessy vs ferguson
inventor of power/light
thomas edison
inventor of telephone
alexander gram bell
airplane
wright brothers
steel
carnegie
oil
rockefeller
In result of the compromise of 1850, this state was entered as free?
California
He believed in vocational education and economic success; accepted temporary social separation.
Booker T. Washington
French exploration of ____ did not lead to large-scale immigration from France, and relations from native peoples were often more cooperative.
Canada
English immigrant who wrote Common Sense
Thomas Paine
In the late 19s and early 20th century US oil was fueled by what?
Economic opportunity, industrialization, technological innovation, and immigration
British won this war (French driven out of new world.)
French and Indian War
What two ways did Chicago, New York, Pittsburgh, Detroit, and Cleveland grow?
Manufacturing and trasportation
What region had Large plantations that grew cash crops
Southern colonies and states
Enlightenment philosopher who believed that all people are free, equal, and have natural rights
John Locke
These people experienced Hardship, Hostility, fear and resentment from locals, prejudice based on religious and cultural differences
immigrants
Was a hellish journey from Africa to the Colonies
Middle Passage
Who worked in textile and steel mills in the Northeast?
Immigrants
These people were pro-British and believed taxation of colonies to pay for British protection
Loyalists
What year was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected
1932
Who was the president for the majority of the great depression?
Franklin D Roosevelt
it failed to prevent widespread collapse of the banking system during the Great Depression
Federal Reserve Bank
Who were the central powers during World War I?
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire
Bulgaria
what was one reason the US entered WW1?
continuing German submarine warfare (freedom of the seas)
List Three labor unions
- Knights of labor
- american federation of labor
- american railway union
What were the name of the atomic bombs the US dropped on Japan?
Little Boy and Fat Man
When was Woodrow Wilson elected to his first term?
1912
Established by the 1640’s; was first elected assembly in the New World
House of Burgesses
Before 1871, where were immigrants from
from northern/ western europe
Main Union general during the Civil War
Ulysses S. Grant
Debate held by Lincoln and Douglas while running for senate in Illinois
Lincoln-Douglas debates
What act repealed the Missouri compromise by giving the people of Kansas and Nebraska the choice to allow slavery
Kansas Nebraska act
Who is responsible for the panic of 1837?
Andrew Jackson
“All men are created equal” is stated in which U.S document?
Declaration of Independance
