review Flashcards
Know the following characteristics about each bacterial disease studied for this unit:
a. Genus and species name (English equivalent if given)
b. Gram reaction
c. Cell shape
d. Disease name
e. Virulence factors
f. Transmission
g. Clinical symptoms of disease
h. Vaccine available
i. Treatment
a. Genus and species name (English equivalent if given)
Genus—–Borrelia species–burgdorferi
b. Gram reaction-gram negative
c. Cell shape-spirochete
d. Disease name- Lyme disease
e. Virulence factors
Organisms persist in tissue
Apparently some immune suppression in Stage I
Inflammation to bacteria can cause more tissue damage
f. Transmission
Tick vector: Deer tick(discovered by Willy Burgdorfer)
Unaffected by bacteria
Becomes a carrier after feeding on an infected animal
Average life of tick: 2 yrs
Female tick does not pass infection to eggs
g. Clinical symptoms of disease Three different stages- refer to #10 h. Vaccine available no vaccine i. Treatment Most effective early Tetracycline Intravenous antibiotics necessary in advanced cases
- Where was Lyme’s disease first discovered?
Discovered in 1975: Lyme, Connecticut
- Who discovered the tick vector for Lyme’s Disease?
Willy Burgdorfer
- How is the tick affected by Lyme’s Disease?
It becomes a carrier after feeding on an infected animal.
- What is the only way that a tick can become infected with Borrelia burgdorferi?
Becomes a carrier after feeding on an infected animal
- Can Borrelia burgdorferi be transmitted to ticks via transovarian transmission?
No. Female tick does not pass infection to eggs
- Where is the tick belt in the United States?
Eastern USA PA, GA, NY, VA, KY, TN, NC,SC (info found in the notes for RMSF)
- What is a preventative therapy to prevent disease transmission from tick to human?
Same as RMSF: remove tick within 4 hours
- What is the average life span of a tick?
Average life of tick: 2 yrs
- In the clinical progression of Lyme’s disease, through how many stages can the disease progress?
Three stages
- If treated properly in Stage I Lyme’s disease, would you expect a patient to progress to Stage II?
* **
no
- What is erythema migrans? How long does this disease symptom last for Lyme’s disease?
Skin rash: erythema migrans (expanding round red rash about 6 inches at tick bite)
lasts 3-4wks
- Describe the appearance of erythema migrans.
Skin rash: erythema migrans (expanding round red rash about 6 inches at tick bite)
Sometimes looks like a “bull’s eye”
- In stage II Lyme’s disease, what percentage of patients usually have neurological problems? What type of neurological problems might a patient experience?
15%: neurological problems
facial paralysis
headaches
fatigue
peripheral neuritis
- In stage II Lyme’s disease, what percentage of patients have cardiovascular problems?
8%: Cardiovascular problems
dizziness
faint
irregular heartbeat
