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Scientific basis Of clinical Practice > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

0
Q

Define Disease

A

Particular pathophysiological condition with characteristic features

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1
Q

Define Pathophysiology

A

The study of changes in body function that may result from disease or disorder

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2
Q

Define Disorder

A

Disturbance/ abnormality of function, indicates incomplete health

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3
Q

Define signs

A

Objective measurement

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4
Q

Define symptoms

A

Symptoms

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5
Q

Define Atrophy

A

Decrease in size

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6
Q

Define Hypertrophy

A

increase in size

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7
Q

Define Hyperplasia

A

Increase in number

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8
Q

Define Meta/Dysplasia

A

change in cell type

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9
Q

What are the causes of cellular Atrophy

A

Decreased use
Denervation ( loss of nerve supply)
Loss of endocrine stimulation

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10
Q

Define cellular Hypertrophy

A

Increase in cell size may occur in tissues which have lost The ability to divide

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11
Q

What can cause cellular Hypertrophy

A

Normal physiological response for example growth of skeletal muscle following exercise program

abnormal pathological

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12
Q

Define Cellular Hyperplasia

A

Increase in cell number in tissues and which have the ability to divide

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13
Q

List the causes of Physiological hyperplasia

A

Hormonal ie in pregnancy

Compensatory ie re growth of liver cells after surgery

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14
Q

List the non-physiological hyperplasia causes

A

Excessive hormonal stimulation of tissues

Viral infections

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15
Q

Define Metaplasia

A

Reversible change in which one adult cell type is replace by another

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16
Q

Give an example of Metaplasia

A

Chronic irritation and inflammation from smoking causes the replacement of ciliates columnar epithelium in the trachea by stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Define Dysplasia

A

Adaptive response to chronic irritation/inflammation involving deranged and potentially reversible cell growth . Precursor to cancer

18
Q

Define apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death that occurs from birth to old age

19
Q

Define necrosis

A

Pathological cell death

20
Q

Define pharmacology

A

The study of drugs and how they interact in living systems

21
Q

Describe some therapeutic uses of drugs

A

Diagnose disease
Prevent disease
Treat disease
Prevent / terminate pregnancy

22
Q

What is clinical pharmacology

A

The study of drugs in humans

23
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

The study of chemical interactions in body/cells & how drugs work

24
Q

Define Pharmacokinetics

A

The study of how drugs pass through the body.eg absorption, metabolism, toxicology, distribution, excretion.

25
Q

What is a drug

A

The active ingredient of a medicine

Any chemical that can affect a living process in any way

26
Q

How do drugs affect living processes

A

Mimic chemicals in the body

Block chemical reactions

27
Q

What are the properties of an ideal drug

A

Safety
Effectiveness
Selectivity

28
Q

What are the desirable properties of an ideal drug

A 
Reversible action
Predictability 
Stability
Freedom from interactions
Inexpensive 
Ease of admin
Simple generic name
29
Q

Define pharmacokinetics

A

What the body does to a drug

30
Q

Define pharmacodynamics

A

What a drug does to a body

31
Q

Define agonist

A

A chemical that binds to a cell

32
Q

What is an antagonist

A

Something opposing or resisting the action of another, certain structure, agents, diseases or physiologic processes that tend to nutrilise or impede action or effect of another

33
Q

What is a competitive antagonist

A

A receptor antagonist that binds to a receptor but does not activate the receptor.

34
Q

Define efficacy

A

The ability to produce a desired or intended result

35
Q

Define ligand

A

Is an ion or molecule that binds to a central metal atom to form coordination complex

36
Q

Define hypoxic

A

Deprivation of a body part because of lack of oxygen

37
Q

Define arteriosclerosis

A

The thinking , Hardening and loss of elasticity of the walls of the artery

38
Q

Define ischaemia

A

The restriction of blood supply to tissues causing a shortage of oxygen

39
Q

What is the most common food drug interactions result in an

A

Decrease in the rate of drug absorption

40
Q

What agent is used to correct lead poisoning

A

A chelating agent

41
Q

An allergic reaction to a drug is determined by

A

Degree of sensitisation of a persons immune system

42
Q

Define drug abuse

A

Drug use inconsistent with medical or social norms

Scientific basis Of clinical Practice (1 decks)

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