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Chem Units 4 and 5 > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

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0
Q

What does Charle’s Law state?

A

The volume of a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature, if the pressure is kept constant

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1
Q

What does Boyle’s Law state?

A

For a given mass of gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas varies inversely with pressure

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2
Q

What does Dalton’s Law state?

A

At constant volume and temperature, the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the component gases

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3
Q

What does Gay-Lusaac’s Law state?

A

The pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its Kelvin temperature if the volume is kept constant

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4
Q

What is the ideal gas law equation?

A

P • V = n • R • T

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5
Q

What is a calorimeter?

A

A device used to measure the heat absorbed or released during a chemical or physical process

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6
Q

What is a joule?

A

SI unit of energy

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7
Q

What is a enthalpy?

A

The heat content of a system at constant pressure

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8
Q

Why does air escape from a tire when the tire valve is opened?

A

The pressure outside the tire is lower than the pressure inside the tire

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9
Q

A metal tank contains three gases: oxygen, helium, and nitrogen. If the partial pressures of the three gases in the tank are 35 atm of O_2, 5 atm or N_2, and 25 atm of He, what is the total pressure inside of the tank?

A

65 atm

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10
Q

What type of atomic orbitals are in the third principal energy level?

A

S, P and D only

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11
Q

If the spin of one electron in an orbital is clockwise, what is the spin of the other electron in that orbital?

A

Counterclockwise

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12
Q

What does the symbol (triangle)H stand for?

A

The heat of reaction for a chemical reaction

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13
Q

Which electron configuration of the 4f energy sublevel is the most stable?

A

4f^14

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14
Q

Which of these changes would NOT cause an increase in the pressure of a contained gas?

A

The volume of the container is increased

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15
Q

What is the maximum number of f orbitals in any single energy level in an atom?

A

7

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16
Q

What is the maximum number i electrons in the second principal energy level?

A

8

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17
Q

The temperature inside my fridge is about 4° C. If I place a balloon in my fridge that initially has a temperature of 22° C and a volume of 0.5 liters, what will be the volume of the balloon when it is fully cooled by my fridge?

A

.47 L

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18
Q

What is the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an oxygen atom?

A

6

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19
Q

When the temperature and number of particles of a gas are constant, which of the following is also constant?

A

The product of the pressure and volume

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20
Q

What would likely happen if you to touch the flask in which an endothermic reaction were occurring?

A

The flask would probably feel cooler than before the reaction started

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21
Q

As the temperature is a fixed volume of a gas increases, the pressure will…

A

Increase

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22
Q

What happens to the partial pressure of oxygen in a sample of air if the temperature is increased?

A

It increases

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23
Q

If I have 21 liters of gas held as a pressure of 78 atm and a temperature of 900 K, what will the volume of the gas be if I decrease the pressure to 45 atm and decrease the temperature to 750 K?

A

30.3 L

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24
Q

The combined gas law relates which of the following?

A

Temperature, pressure, and volume

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25
Q

Why is a gas easier to compress than a liquid or a solid?

A

The volume of a gas’s particles is a small compared to the overall volume of the gas

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26
Q

A process that absorbs heat is a(n)…

A

Endothermic process

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27
Q

How many energy sublevels are in the second principal energy level?

A

2

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28
Q

The volume of a gas is reduced from 4 L to 0.5 L while the temperature is held constant. How does the gas pressure change?

A

It increases by a factor of eight

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29
Q

Which law can we used to calculate the number of miles of a contained gas?

A

Ideal gas law

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30
Q

Which of the following is transferred due to a temperature difference?

A

Heat

31
Q

In general, for gas at a constant volume,…

A

The pressure of the gas is directly proportional to its temperature in kelvins

32
Q

How is the ideal gas law usually written?

A

PV = nRT

33
Q

What happens to the temperature of a gas when it is compressed?

A

The temperature increases

34
Q

If 4 miles of gas are added to a container that already holds 1 mole of gas, how will the pressure change inside the container?

A

The pressure will be five times higher

35
Q

How many half-filled orbitals are in a bromine atom?

A

1

36
Q

In an exothermic reaction, the energy stored in the chemical bombs of the reactants is…

A

Greater than the energy stored in the bonds of the products

37
Q

If oxygen is removed from a sample of air as iron rusts, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen in the air?

A

It decreases

38
Q

Stable electron configurations are likely to contains…

A

Filled energy sublevels

39
Q

A sample of gas occupies 17 mL at -112° C. What volume does the sample occupy at 70° C?

A

36 mL

40
Q

What does the pressure inside a container of gas increase if more gas is added to the container?

A

There is an increase in the number of collisions between particles and the walls of the container

41
Q

What is the maximum number of d orbitals in a principal energy level?

A

5

42
Q

If a balloon is squeezed, what happens to the pressure of the gas inside the balloon?

A

It increases

43
Q

At a certain temperature and pressure, 0.20 mol of carbon dioxide has a volume of 3.1 L. A 3.1-L sample of hydrogen at the same temperature and pressure…

A

Contains the same number of moles

44
Q

If the atmospheric pressure on Mt. Everest is one-third the atmospheric pressure at sea level, the partial pressure of oxygen on Everest is…

A

One-third its pressure at sea level

45
Q

A gas takes up a volume of 17 liters, has a pressure of 2.3 atm, and a temperature of 299 K. If I raise the temperature to 350 K and lower the pressure to 1.5 atm, what is the new volume of the gas?

A

30.5 L

46
Q

Atmospheric pressure on the peak of Mt. Everest can be as low as 150 mm Hg, which is why climbers need to bring oxygen tanks for the last part of the climb. If the climbers carry 10.0 liter tanks with an internal gas pressure of 3.04 • 10^4 mm Hg, what will be the volume of the gas when it is released from the tanks?

A

2,000 L

47
Q

When the pressure and number of particles of a gas are constant, which of the following is also constant?

A

The ratio of the volume and temperature in kelvins

48
Q

If three electrons are available to fill three empty 2p atomic orbitals, how will the electrons be distributed in the three orbitals?

A

One electron in each orbital

49
Q

In a thermonuclear device, the pressure of 0.050 liters of gas within the bomb casing reaches 4.0 • 10^6 atm. When the bomb casing is destroyed by the explosion, the gas is released into the atmosphere is where reaches a pressure of 1.00 atm. What is the volume of the gas after the explosion?

A

200,000 L

50
Q

What does the ideal gas allow a scientist to calculate that the other gas laws do not?

A

Number of miles

51
Q

A soda bottle is flexible enough that the volume of the bottle can change even without opening it. If you have an empty soda bottle (volume of 2 L) at room temperature (25° C), what will the new volume be if you put it in your freezer (-4°C)?

A

1.81 L

52
Q

If I have 7.7 moles of gas at a pressure of 0.09 atm and a temperature of 56° C, what is the volume of the container that the gas is in?

A

2,310 L

53
Q

Synthetic diamonds can be manufactured at pressures of 6.00 • 10^4 atm. If we took 2.00 liters of gas at 1.00 atm and compressed it to a pressure of 6.00 • 10^4, what would the volume of that has be?

A

.0000333 L

54
Q

Which of the following electron configurations of outer sublevels is the most stable?

A

4d^5 • 5s^1

55
Q

Blast furnaces give off many unpleasant and unhealthy gases. If the total air pressure is 0.99 atm, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide is 0.05 atm, and the partial pressure of hydrogen sulfide is 0.02 atm, what is the partial pressure of the remaining air?

A

0.92 atm

56
Q

A piece of metal is heated, then submerged in cool water. Which statement below describes what happens?

A

The temperature of the water will increase and the temperature of the metal with decrease

57
Q

If I have 2.4 miles of gas held at a temperature of 370 K and in a container with a volume of 45 liters, what is the pressure of the gas?

A

1.62 atm

58
Q

How many joules are in 148 calories? ( 1 cal = 4.18 J )

A

619 J

59
Q

Under what conditions of temperature and pressure is the behavior of real gases most like that of ideal gases?

A

Low temperature and high pressure

60
Q

The volume of a gas is doubled while the temperature is held constant. How does the gas pressure change?

A

It is reduced by one half

61
Q

How many unpaired electrons are in a sulfur atom (atomic number 16)?

A

2

62
Q

If I initially have a gas at a pressure of 12 atm, and a volume of 23 liters, and a temperature of 200 K, and then I raise the pressure to 14 atm and increase the temperature to 300 K, what is the new volume of the gas?

A

29.6 L

63
Q

For the reactions 2H_2(g) + O_2(g) –> 2H_2O(g), how many liters of water can be made from 5 L of oxygen gas and an excess of hydrogen?

A

10 L

64
Q

If a balloon is heated, what happens to the pressure of the air inside the balloon if the volume remains constant?

A

It increases

65
Q

What is the maximum number of orbitals in the p sublevel?

A

3

66
Q

When the volume and number of particles of a gas are constant, which of the following is also constant?

A

The ratio of the pressure and temperature in kelvins

67
Q

If oxygen is removed from a sample of air as iron rusts, what happens to the total pressure of the air?

A

It decreases

68
Q

If the volume of a container of air is reduced by one-half, what happens to the partial pressure of oxygen within the container?

A

It is doubled

69
Q

For the reaction 2H_2(g) + O_2(g) –> 2H_2O(g), how many liters of water can be made from 34 grams of oxygen gas and 6.0 grams of hydrogen gas at STP? What is the limiting reactant for this reaction?

A

47.6 L H_2O, 67.2 L H_2O, O_2 is limiting

70
Q

A man beats a balloon in the oven. If the balloon initially has a volume of 0.4 liters and a temperature of 20° C, what will the volume of the balloon be after he heats it to a temperature of 250° C?

A

0.71 L

71
Q

If I have 4 moles of gas at a pressure of 5.6 atm and a volume of 12 liters, what is the temperature?

A

205 K

72
Q

If a balloon is heated, what happens to the volume of the air in the balloon if the pressure is constant?

A

It increases

73
Q

What is the best next atomic orbital in the series 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p?

A

4s

74
Q

What is the electron configurations of potassium?

A

1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^1

75
Q

If the volume of a container of gas is reduced, what will happen to the pressure inside the container?

A

The pressure will increase

76
Q

What is the shape of the 3p atomic orbital?

A

Dumbbell

Chem Units 4 and 5 (1 decks)

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