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Organic Chemistry > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

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0
Q

At what difference in electronegativity does an ionic bond form between two atoms?

A

> 2.0

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1
Q

At what difference in electronegativity does a polar bond form between two atoms?

A

> 0.5

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2
Q

What is the formula for formal charge?

A

formal charge = (# of valence e-) - (# of e- atom “owns”)

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3
Q

What is the formula to find out how many e- an atom “owns”?

A

of e- atom “owns” = (# of unpaired e-) + (1/2)(shared)

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4
Q

Stability rules

A
  1. Fulfills octet rule 2. More bonds is more stable 3. Minimized charge 4. More stable if negative charge is on most electronegative ion
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5
Q

How does pka relate to the strength of the acid and the Ka value?

A

lower pka = stronger acid = higher Ka

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6
Q

pka of alkane

A

~50

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7
Q

pka of amine

A

~35

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8
Q

pka of alkyne

A

25

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9
Q

pka of water

A

16

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10
Q

pka of protonated amines

A

10

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11
Q

pka of carboxylic acids

A

5

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12
Q

pka of hydrochloric acid

A

-7

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13
Q

What four variables affect the stability of the conjugate base?

A
  • element - inductive (electron withdrawing) - resonance - hybridization
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14
Q

Lewis base

A

donates an e- pair; nucleophile

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15
Q

Lewis acid

A

accepts an e- pair; electrophile

16
Q

What are heteroatoms?

A

any atoms that are not carbon or hydrogen

17
Q

aliphatic: alkanes

A

have a single bond between carbons

18
Q

aliphatic: alkenes

A

have a double bond between carbons

19
Q

aliphatic: alkynes

A

have a triple bond between carbons

20
Q

aromatic compounds

A

rings

21
Q
A

Alkyl Halide

22
Q
A

Alcohol (hydroxyl)

23
Q
A

Ether (alkoxy)

24
Q
A

Amine

25
Q
A

Thiol

26
Q
A

Sulfide

27
Q
A

Aldehyde

28
Q
A

Ketone

29
Q
A

Carboxylic acid

30
Q
A

Ester

31
Q
A

Amide

32
Q
A

Acid Halide

Organic Chemistry (2 decks)

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