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Anatomy Lecture Exam 1 > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

All bones are covered by

A

periosteum

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2
Q

movement that reduces angle, usually toward body

A

flexion

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3
Q

movement that increases angle, usually away from body

A

extension

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4
Q

end of a bone; shaft of a bone

A

epiphysis; diaphysis

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5
Q

basic structural unit of bone

A

osteon

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6
Q

most abundant cartilage, covers ends of long bones, firm but springy

A

hyaline cartilage

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7
Q

strong stretchable cartilage found on external ear and epiglottis

A

elastic cartilage

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8
Q

strong cartilaginous cartilage that makes up discs in joints

A

fibrocartilage

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9
Q

4 paired arteries that go from aorta to head

A

common carotids, vertebral, thyrocervical, costocervical

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10
Q

3 branches of aortic arch

A

brachiocephalic (right), left common carotid, left subclavian

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11
Q

supply blood to heart muscle

A

coronary arteries

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12
Q

lymph from lower body drains in this “pool” before ascending to the venous angle

A

cisterna chyli

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13
Q

blockage of lymph flow resulting in swelling due to trapped fluid

A

lymphedema

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14
Q

procedure that limits surgery and number of lymph nodes removed in breast cancers

A

sentinel node breast therapy

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15
Q

wrist flexors and extensors work together to stabilize the wrist during finger movements…this is an example of

A

synergists

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16
Q

excess muscle tone

A

hypertonic

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17
Q

loss of muscle tone

A

flaccid

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18
Q

components of a synovial joint

A

articular cartilage, capsule, joint cavity, synovial membrane, fluid

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19
Q

skull sutures are this type of joint

A

fibrous joint

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20
Q

type of joint found in pubic symphysis, between lumbar vertebrae

A

cartilagenous joint

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21
Q

the hip is this type of joint

A

synovial joint

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22
Q

axis and atlas “yes and no” motions are this type of joint

A

pivot

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23
Q

lateral movement of the fingers would be this type of joint

A

condyloid

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24
Q

small bones in the wrist are this type of joint

A

ellipsoid

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25
Q

wear and tear inflammatory condition

A

osteoarthritis

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26
Q

autoimmune inflammatory condition more common in women

A

rheumatoid arthritis

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27
Q

joints affected by Neisseria gonorrhoea

A

wrist, ankle, elbow

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28
Q

group of cells in the CNS

A

nucleus or gray matter

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29
Q

group of cells in PNS

A

ganglion

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30
Q

bunch of fibers in CNS

A

tract or white matter

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31
Q

bunch of fibers in PNS

A

nerve

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32
Q

dorsal root of the spine contains (blank) information while the ventral root contains (blank)

A

sensory; motor

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33
Q

a cutaneous nerve would contain (choose sensory or motor) info

A

sensory

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34
Q

how many spinal nerves are at each level

A 
cervical 8
thoracic 12
lumbar 5
sacral 5
coccygeal 1
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35
Q

4 main plexuses

A

cervical, brachial, lumbar, sacral

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36
Q

sympathetic nervous system cells originate in

A

lateral horn T1-L2

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37
Q

3 possible paths fibers can take in sympathetic trunk

A
  1. synapse with another neuron at the same level
  2. ascend or descend in trunk to synapse at another ganglion
  3. pass through trunk and ganglion without synapsing to form a splanchnic nerve
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38
Q

surgery to treat excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis)

A

surgical sympathectomy

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39
Q

spinothalamic pathway is (ascending or descending) while the corticospinal tract is…

A

ascending; decsending

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40
Q

what runs through the superior orbital fissure

A

lacrimal nerve, frontal nerve, trochlear nerve, superior division of oculomotor, nasociliary branch of opthalmic nerve, inferior division of oculomotor nerve, abducens nerve

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41
Q

lambdoid suture

A

between occipital and parietal bones

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42
Q

internal carotid artery divides right above this part of the sphenoid bone

A

clinoid process

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43
Q

head trauma to this bone can cause you to lose your sense of smell

A

ethmoid

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44
Q

receptor cells for eyes and ears

A

eye- rods and cones of retina

ear- hair cells

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45
Q

near sighted people have a focal point that falls (blank) the retina, while far sighted people have a focal point that falls (blank) the retina

A

in front of; behind

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46
Q

lens bulginess determines

A

accomodation

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47
Q

nerve that passes through internal auditory meatus

A

facial

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48
Q

amount of each type of vertebrae

A

7 cervical, 12 thoracacic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, 4 coccygeal

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49
Q

7 bones that form the orbit

A

frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, sphenoid, palatine, zygomatic

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50
Q

origin of back and other muscles (vertebra feature)

A

spinous process and transverse process

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51
Q

small pillars projecting from vertebra body

A

pedicles

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52
Q

flat planes that fuse in median plane

A

laminae

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53
Q

2 pedicles + 2 laminae make up

A

vertebral arch

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54
Q

where spinal cord comes through

A

vertebral foramen

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55
Q

articulates with vertebra above and below

A

superior and inferior articular facets

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56
Q

the dens is part of

A

C2

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57
Q

8 branches of the external carotid

A

superior thyroid artery, ascending phayrngeal artery, lingual artery, facial artery, occipital artery, posterior auricular artery, maxillary artery, superficial temporal artery

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58
Q

branches of internal carotid

A

opthalmic artery, anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, posterior communicating artery

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59
Q

venous angle is where (blank) meets (blank)

A

where internal jugular meets subclavian

60
Q

external and internal carotids divide at upper border of

A

thyroid cartilage

61
Q

a boil is an infection of

A

hair follicle

62
Q

a carbuncle is an infection of

A

superficial fascia

63
Q

least malignant and most common skin cancer

A

basal cell carcinoma

64
Q

cancer involving proliferation of keratinocytes, can metastasize

A

squamous cell carcinoma

65
Q

most lethal skin cancer

A

melanoma

66
Q

three main veins that drain scalp

A

facial, retromandibular, external jugular

67
Q

layers of epidermis from deep to superficial

A

stratum basale, stratum spinosum (prickly), stratum granulosum, stratu lucidum, stratum corneum (horny)

68
Q

mild burn involving epidermis only, heals in 2-3 days

A

1st degree

69
Q

burn involving epidermis and upper layers of dermis, can form blisters, heals in 3-4 weeks

A

2nd degree

70
Q

nerve that sends fibers bilaterally in the eyes, damage indicated if there is no consensual pupillary reflex

A

pretectal nerve

71
Q

4 cranial nuclei of parasympathetic system

A

ciliary, pterygopalatine, submandibular, otic

72
Q

brain lobe associated with spatial awareness and movement

A

parietal

73
Q

brain lobe associated with emotion

A

insula

74
Q

cranial nerves in medulla

A

CN 8-11

75
Q

venous sinuses lie between these two layers

A

meningeal and periosteal/endosteal

76
Q

dural venous sinuses

A

superior sagittal, inferior sagittal, right transverse, sigmoid, occipital, cavernous

77
Q

secretion rate of CSF

A

400-500 mL/day

78
Q

brain falls through foramen magnum

A

chiari malformation

79
Q

burn involving all layers of skin, no pain initially, fluid loss is immediate danger

A

3rd degree

80
Q

structures in the cavernous sinus

A

oculomotor nerve, trochlear nerve, opthalmic branch of trigeminal, maxillary branch of trigeminal, internal carotid, abducens,

81
Q

3 cervical ganglia in head and neck

A

superior- to carotid arteries and cardiac plexus
middle- to thyroid and cardiac plexus
inferior and first thoracic- stellate ganglion, vertebral arteries, cardiac plexus

82
Q

olfactory nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- olfactory epithelium

exit- foramina in cribiform plate of ethmoid

83
Q

optic nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- retina

exit- optic canal

84
Q

oculomotor nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- midbrain (visceral motor has postsynaptic in ciliary ganglia)
exit- superior orbital fissure

85
Q

trochlear nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- midbrain

exit- superior orbital fissure

86
Q

trigeminal nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- trigeminal ganglion
exit- ophthalmic- superior orbital fissure
maxillary- foramen rotundum
mandibular- foramen ovale

87
Q

abducens nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- pons

exit- superior orbital fissure

88
Q

facial nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- somatic motor- pons
somatic sensory and taste - geniculate ganglion
visceral motor- presynaptic in pons, postsynaptic in pterygopalatine ganglion

exit- internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, stylomastoid foramen

89
Q

vestibular nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- vestibular ganglion

exit- internal acoustic meatus

90
Q

cochlear nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- spiral ganglion

exit- internal acoustic meatus

91
Q

glossopharyngeal nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- medulla, sensory ganglion

exit- jugular foramen

92
Q

vagus nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- medulla, inferior and superior ganglion

exit- jugular foramen

93
Q

accessory nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- spinal cord

exit- jugular foramen

94
Q

hypoglossal nerve location of cell bodies and exit point

A

location- medulla

exit- hypoglossal canal

95
Q

sensory receptors of facial nerve send signals to this ganglion

A

geniculate ganglion

96
Q

cochlear fibers travel to which brain structures

A

inferior colliculi, thalamus, auditory cortex

97
Q

neck muscle that depresses mandible and angle of mouth

A

platysma

98
Q

neck muscle that extends he’d, flexes neck, orates head to opposite side

A

sternocleiodmastoid

99
Q

neck muscle that elevate ribs, rotates neck

A

scalenes

100
Q

back muscle that hyperextends head

A

splenius capitis

101
Q

most muscles that attach to hyoid are needed for

A

swallowing

102
Q

involuntary contraction of cervical muscles that cause twisting of neck and slanting of head to one side

A

torticollis

103
Q

anesthetic or steroid inserted into this ganglion in the neck to block pain

A

cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion block

104
Q

Horner Syndrome (loss of cervical sympathetic input to orbit) results in

A

miosis, ptosis (droopy eyelid) and anhydrosis

105
Q

blockage or interruption of blood supply to brain (2 types)

A

stroke:

ischemic or hemorrhagic

106
Q

small infarct of small branch of large cerebral artery (usually branches of MCA or basilar)

A

lacunar infarct

107
Q

muscles of mastication (and buccinator) all innervated by

A

trigeminal nerve

108
Q

extrinsic tongue muscles all innervated by

A

hypoglossal nerve

109
Q

digastric muscle innervated by

A

facial nerve

110
Q

scalenes innervated by

A

accessory nerve

111
Q

splenius, semispinalis, and trapezoid all responsible for

A

head extension

112
Q

sternoclediomastoid, supra and infra hyoids responsible for

A

head flexion

113
Q

muscles that close jaw

A

masseter, temporalis

114
Q

jaw opening muscles (in addition to gravity)

A

digastric, mylohyoids

115
Q

lateral face and scalp drain into which lymph nodes

A

parotid nodes, which then drain to deep cervical nodes

116
Q

structures in the parotid gland

A

parietal plexus of facial nerve, retromandibular vein, external carotid, parotid lymph nodes

117
Q

secretomotor function for parotid gland supplied by which nerve

A

glossopharyngeal

118
Q

at anterior border of masseter, parotid duct turns medially and pierces this muscle to enter mouth

A

buccinator

119
Q

put these in order from superficial to deep:
retromandibular vein
parotid plexus
external carotid

A

parotid plexus, retromandibular vein, external carotid

120
Q

excision of parotid gland can alter function of this nerve

A

facial nerve

121
Q

viscera of neck

A

3 layers:

endocrine (thyroid, parathyroid), respiratory (larynx, trachea), alimentary (pharynx, esophagus)

122
Q

glands behind thyroid, usually 4 of them

A

parathyroid glands

123
Q

trachea divides into right and left bronchi at

A

sternal angle

124
Q

largest cartilage of larynx, forms laryngeal prominence (Adam’s apple)

A

thyroid cartilage

125
Q

false vocal cords, no role in voice, help close glottis when swallowing

A

vestibular folds

126
Q

small depression of laryngopharyngeal cavity where objects can get stuck

A

piriform fossa

127
Q

neck viscera responsible for digestive function

A

alimentary layer

128
Q

beginning of alimentary canal

A

esophagus

129
Q

where mouth becomes pharynx

A

palatoglossal arch

130
Q

two arches of pharynx

A

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal

131
Q

superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal muscles arranged (blank) around (blank)

A

radially; raphe

132
Q

enlarged palatine tonsils are called

A

adenoids

133
Q

neck zone from root of next to inferior border of cricoid cartilage

A

Zone 1- airway can be obstructed

134
Q

neck zone from cricoid cartilage to angle of mandible

A

Zone 2

135
Q

neck zone superior to angle of mandible

A

Zone 3, can obstruct airway

136
Q

when pain from deeper in body is perceived as arising more superficially because visceral and somatic afferents travel in same nerves

A

referred pain

137
Q

line, ridge, crest

A

linear elevation

138
Q

tubercle, protuberance, tuberosity, malleolus, trochanter

A

rounded elevation

139
Q

spine or spinous process, styloid process

A

sharp elevation

140
Q

head, condyle, epicondyle

A

expanded ends for articulation

141
Q

facet

A

small flat area for articulation

142
Q

notch, groove or sulcus, fossa

A

depression

143
Q

fissure, foramen, canal, meatus

A

openings

144
Q

when sensation of pain in a joint is lost

A

syringomyelia

145
Q

cartilage cells continue to grow, widening epiphyseal plates

A

rickets

146
Q

fractures in medial cranial fossa can damage

A

CN 3,4,6,7,8

147
Q

beads of sweat on skin over parotid gland while eating due to damage to auriculotemporal and great auricular nerves

A

Frey’s syndrome

Anatomy Lecture Exam 1 (1 decks)

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