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Pharmacology Review > Review 2 > Flashcards

Review 2 Flashcards

1
Q

3 considerations selecting antibiotic treatment

A
  1. Bacteria factors
  2. Host specific factors
  3. Drug specific factors
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2
Q

How to prevent antibiotic resistance

A

Discourage antibiotic overuse
Encourage patients to finish full course of antibiotics
Follow infection, prevention, and control protocols

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3
Q

HEP A treatment

A

Pre: Vaccine, Ig (thrombosis risk)

Acute infection: Rest, hydration, antiemetics, antipyretics (prn), AVOID hepatotoxic drugs

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4
Q

HEP B treatment

A

Interferon (AE- flu like symptoms)

Nucleotide / Nucleoside analogs: Block DNA synthesis

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5
Q

HEP C treatment

A

No vaccine

Direct acting analogs. AE- fatigue, weakness, headache

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6
Q

Treatment goals for cancer treatment

A

Cure: chemotherapy, biotherapy, radiation and/or surgery
Control: Enable extension of life when cure not possible
Palliation: Improve quality of life, relieve pain

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7
Q

DAA MOA

A

directly stimulate alpha or beta receptors
pseudophedrine- a and b receptors
phenylephrine- a1 receptors

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8
Q

Loop Diuretics MOA and AE

A

MOA: inhibit reabsorption of NA/K/2Cl. Patients reabsorption of water that follows these electrolytes

AE: Dehydration, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, ototoxicity, hyperglycemia, increased LDLs

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9
Q

Thiazide Diuretics MOA and AE

A

MOA- Inhibits mechanisms that favor NA+ absorption. Results in NA+ and K+ excretion and reabsorption of Ca+

AE: Similar to Loops but no hypercalcemia

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10
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics MOA

A

Inhibits sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. Limits reabsorption of Na+ and excretion of K+
Limits osmotic gradient

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11
Q

Potassium Sparing Diuretics AE

A

Hyperkalemia, Nausea, lethargy, mental confusion

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12
Q

PT concerns diuretics

A
  • be aware of hyperglycemia signs and glucose level
  • increased lipid levels
  • hypo/hyperkalemia
  • dehydration, OH, arrhythmias, DDI with NSAIDS
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13
Q

Direct Vasodilators MOA and AE

A

MOA: Directly vasodilate peripheral vasculature, inhibit smooth muscle contraction in arterioles

AE: Dizziness, OH

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14
Q

Calcium Channel Blockers MOA and AE

A

MOA: Block Ca2+ entrance into vascular smooth muscle, decrease smooth muscle tone, vasodilation

AE: Dizziness, OH

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15
Q

Beta Blockers MOA

A

Competitive antagonist for B adrenoreceptors
Nonselective- B1 and 2
Selective- B1 only

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16
Q

Beta Blocker AE

A

Nonselective:
Bronchoconstriction, peripheral vasoconstriction, bradycardia, decreased exercise capacity, arrhythmia/anginia/MI, dizziness, OH, depression, fatigue, sexual dysfunction

Selective: same but no pulmonary effects

17
Q

Beta Blocker Therapeutic Concerns

A

Can’t use HR as indicator of patient response to exercise, OH, watch for sign of CHF, masks symptoms of hypoglycemia

18
Q

a1 blockers MOA and AE

A

MOA: reduce sympathetic tone of blood vessels - vasodilation - decreased peripheral vascular resistance

AE: OH, nasal stuffiness, reflex tachycardia, arrhythmia

19
Q

a1 blockers therapeutic concerns

A

Always take BP and monitor OH. Fall risk. Reflex tachycardia and angina. S/S for CHF

20
Q

Central acting a2 agonist MOA

A

a2 receptors primarily on presynaptic neurons - stimulate CNS - decreased NE - decreased sympathetic outflow - decreased PR, renal vascular resistance, HR, and BP

21
Q

Central acting a2 agonist AE and therapeutic concerns

A

AE: Dizziness, Drowsiness, Fatigue, HA
Concerns: fall risk ,OH, rebound hypertension

22
Q

ACEi MOA and AE

A

MOA: block comversion of angiotensin I to II

AE: dry cough, hypotension, dizziness, hyperkalemia, angioedema, acute renal failure

23
Q

ARB MOA and AE

A

MOA: antagonist at AT receptor=blocks binding of angiotension II
AE: similar to ACEi but no dry cough

24
Q

Angina Pectoris

A

Blood vessels obstructed by sclerotic plaques
Blood supply to body tissues restricted
Workload exceeds O2 supply to cardiac muscle
Ischemia and pain

25
Q

Nitrates MOA

A
  • work directly on smooth muscle, no receptor.
  • decrease amount of Ca available for contraction.
  • decreased preload and afterload=decreased workload=decreased O2 demand
26
Q

Nitrates AE

A

Reflex tachycardia, dizziness, OH, weakness

27
Q

Antiplatelets MOA

A

Aspirin: inhibit COX 1 and 2 - decreased thromboxane A2 - decreased platelet aggregation

ADP receptor inhibitors: blocks P2Y12 receptors - blocks ADP binding - decreased platelet aggregation

28
Q

Antiplatelet AE

A

Bleeding is highest concern

Pharmacology Review (2 decks)

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