Review 2 Flashcards
Write the anticodon for ACG.
UCG
Define gene.
Segment of DNA that controls the production of a protein
Define monosomy.
Lacking a single chromosome
Describe chromatin.
strands of DNA wrapped around protein structures; long, threadlike
How common is triploidy in animals?
Not very common
Compare triploidy and trisomy.
Triploidy- 1 complete extra set
Monosomy- Lacking a single chromosome
What pairs in DNA replication?
A and T, G and C
Define replication.
Copies of DNA
DNA unzips at base pairs
complements are created.
Draw and label a DNA and a RNA nucleotide.
DNA- Phosphate, deoxyribose, base (A, G, C or T)
RNA- Phosphate, ribose sugar, base (A, G, C or U)
Largest to smallest: DNA, chromosome and nucleotide
Chromosome, DNA, nucleotide
Define a mutagenic agent.
a chemical or physical agent capable of inducing changes in DNA called mutations.
Where does translation occur?
In the ribosome
Which structures are made of RNA?
mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA
What does a tRNA molecule carry?
Amino acids
Define translation.
Process in which cells make proteins using genetic information carried in mRNA
What is the process of converting RNA code into an amino acid sequence?
Translation
Define point mutation.
A mutation where a single base is removed, changed or added.
What brings amino acids to the ribosomes for assembly into proteins?
tRNA
Define codon.
Sequence of three DNA or mRNA nucleotides
What do you call it when DNA copies itself?
DNA replication
List the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA.
A- Adenine
T- Thymine
G- Guanine
C- Cytosine
Who were the major players in the race for DNA?
Watson, Crick, Franklin, and Wilkins.
Define transcription.
mRNA is copied from DNA to get info out of the nucleus, some DNA makes rRNA, and helps bond amino acids together.
Interphase
cell grows in size, centrioles replicate, and DNA is duplicated
