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Biology Honors-genetics > review > Flashcards

review Flashcards

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1
Q

who is the father of genetics

A

gregor mendel

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2
Q

what is heredity

A

the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

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3
Q

what is synapsis

A

the pairing of the homologous chromosomes

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4
Q

whats a tertrad

A

4 chromatids

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5
Q

whats crossing over

A

portions of chromatids are exchanged

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6
Q

homzygous dominant

A

two dominant alleles for a trait

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7
Q

homozygous recessive

A

2 recessive alleles for a trait

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8
Q

heterozygous

A

2 different allels for a trait

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9
Q

how many allels are used to determine blood type

A

3

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10
Q

how many blood types are there

A

4

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11
Q

name ther blood types

A

A
B
O
AB

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12
Q

antigens A

A

A

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13
Q

antigens B

A

B

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14
Q

antigens O

A

none

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15
Q

antigens AB

A

A and B

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16
Q

Antibodies A

A

B

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17
Q

Antibodies B

A

A

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18
Q

Antibodies O

A

A and b

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19
Q

Antibodies AB

A

none

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20
Q

genotype A

A

IAIA or IAi

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21
Q

genotype B

A

IBIB or IBi

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22
Q

genotype AB

A

IAIB

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23
Q

genotype o

A

ii

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24
Q

Rh factors

A

determine whether blood is positive for RH factors (antigen) or negative

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25
Q

Giving blood in rh h factors

A

negative can give to ositive but positive cant give to negative

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26
Q

RH +

A

has RH ANTIGENS and no RH antibodies

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27
Q

RH -

A

has no RH antigens and has RH antibodies

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28
Q

univesal donor

A

O-

29
Q

universal recipient

A

AB+

30
Q

gene at one locus affects expression of gene at another locus

A

epistasis

31
Q

red + white = pink

A

incomplete dominance

32
Q

roan bull

A

codominance

33
Q

black + white= Black and white spots

A

codominance

34
Q

blood type

A

multiple alleles

35
Q

polygenic traits tendencies make a what shape

A

bell shaped curve

36
Q

what percent are within 1 standard deviation in the polygenic bell shaped curve

A

68

37
Q

what percent are within 2 standard deviation in the polygenic bell shaped curve

A

98

38
Q

one gene has many efffects

A

pleiotrophyq

39
Q

one triat is affected by many genes

A

polygenic

40
Q

combo of the genes and the environment

A

multifactoral

41
Q

in a pedigree, circle =

A

femal

42
Q

in a pedigree, square=

A

male

43
Q

in a pedigree, hoizontal line=

A

mariage

44
Q

in a pedigree, children are put right to left on

A

oldest to youngest

45
Q

in a pedigree, vertical line=

A

children

46
Q

in a pedigree, roman numerals

A

generation

47
Q

in a pedigree,vertical line branching off=

A

identical twins

48
Q

in a pedigree, why are identical twins on the same line

A

they come from the same egg

49
Q

in a pedigree,branches =

A

fraternal twins

50
Q

why are sexlinked traits on X chromosome more common in males

A

they only have 1 x chromosome-“there is not law of dominance” you get what you get

females can have adominant trait to mask the recessive trait

51
Q

why is the dominant phenotype not the most prevalent in a gene pool

A

1-people dont suvive long enough to give their genes (natural selection)
2- it is not a favorable gene and wont help in mating

52
Q

2 example of a dominant phenotype that us not prevalent

A

progeria and huntington’s disease

53
Q

is it possible to live without an x chromosome

A

only in females, cuz they have 2 X chromosomes (AKA turner’s syndrome)- thex chromsome has a lot of inportant information fo rlife

54
Q

what are body chromosomes called

A

autosomes

55
Q

what are body ells called

A

somatic cells

56
Q

what is a monosomy

A

missing a chromosome (2n-1)

57
Q

how is monosomy made

A

nondisjunction

58
Q

trisomy made how

A

nondisjuntion

59
Q

trisomy def

A

one extra chromosome (triplet instead of a pair)

60
Q

example of a monosomy

A

turner’s syndrom (Only 1 X chromosome)

61
Q

example of trisomy

A

trisomy 21-down syndrome

62
Q

phe notype

A

physical trait (genotype expression)

63
Q

genotype

A

genetic makeup (Rr or RR or rr)

64
Q

allele

A

a different form of a gene (R and r)

65
Q

how many chromosome does a humanc ell have

A

46

66
Q

whats a polygenic trait

A

a trait controlled by two or more genes

67
Q

polygenic ingeritance patterns make a

A

bellshaped curve

68
Q

what is a karyotype

A

a picture of chromosomes

69
Q

how to name a karyotype

A

number of chromosomes, gender, disorder

ex 47, xx, +18 = 47 chromosomes, female, trisomy 18

Biology Honors-genetics (5 decks)

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