review

Question 1

How do you identify a chromosome?

Answer 1

size and length. banding pattern, position of the centromere

Question 2

What is the process by which prokaryotic cells divide?

Answer 2

binary fission

Question 3

what is the difference between mitosis and meioisis

Answer 3

Mitosis creates two identical cells, meiosis makes 4 unique cells

Question 4

What phase of mitosis is characterized by the splitting o hromosomes and their movement to opposite sides of the cell?

Answer 4

anaphase

Question 5

define gene

Answer 5

DNA that codes proteins (RNA)

Question 6

define allele

Answer 6

1 of 2 or more alternative forms of a gene in the same position on a chromosome

Question 7

what is the longest stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 7

interphase

Question 8

what are the stages of a cell cycle?

Answer 8

G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G2 (interphase) and M (mitosis, cytokinesis)

Question 9

what happens during Cytokinesis

Answer 9

cytoplasm divides, forming 2 daughter cells

Question 10

G Zero is what?

Answer 10

the non-dividing stage of the cell cycle

Question 11

trisomy 21 is:

Answer 11

a genetic abnormality that leads to down syndrome

Question 12

Huntington’s disease is caused by:

Answer 12

a dominant allele

Question 13

Marfan syndrome is characterized by:

Answer 13

connective tissue defects

Question 14

A person with AO blood has what phenotype?`

Answer 14

Type A

Question 15

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Answer 15

G-genes themselves, Ph-physically observable traits

Question 16

co dominance is:

Answer 16

when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype

Question 17

RH incompatibility occurs when

Answer 17

the child is RH+ and mom is RH-

Question 18

what does apotosisi do?

Answer 18

eliminates damaged or unwanted cells

Question 19

What mutations are associated with breast and ovarian cancers?

Answer 19

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2

Question 20

the hayflick liit is:

Answer 20

the maximum number of cell divisions in normal human cells

Question 21

what process in meiosis increases genetic diversity?

Answer 21

crossing over

Question 22

what is the purpose of a pedigree?

Answer 22

to determine modes of inheritance and probabilities of genetic traits

Question 23

where in the cell does protein sysnthesisi occur?

Answer 23

ribosome

Question 24

what is the role of tRNA is protein synthesisis?

Answer 24

to bring amino acids to the ribosomes and bind to the mRNA codons

Question 25

Which codon serves as the start codon in mRNA translation?

Answer 25

AUG

Question 26

What is the term for a condition in which an individual has too many or too few chromosomes?

Answer 26

aneuploidy

Question 27

what is the rp;e pf DNA repair enzymes in in preventing cancer?

Answer 27

to repair mutuations in DNA

Question 28

What is unique about HeLa cells?

Answer 28

they are cancer cells that re 'immortal' and continue dividing forever

Question 29

what happens AFTER DNA re[location but before crossing over in meiosis?

Answer 29

each chromosome is composed of two identical sister chromatids

Question 30

the three things in mRNA that tRNAs recognize during translation are called:

Answer 30

codons

Question 31

the process in mitosis and emiosis where chromosomes become visible is called:

Answer 31

chromosome condensation

Question 32

crossing over occurs during:

Answer 32

meioisis between sister chromoatids of homologous chromosomes

Question 33

Which if the following allele combinations for the ABO blood group would demonstrate codomininace? AO, BO, OO, AB

Answer 33

AB

Question 34

during proteinsynthesis a _____brings an amino acid to the ribosome

Answer 34

tRNA

Question 35

a zygote is formed as a result of

Answer 35

sperm fertilizing the ovum

Question 36

What is nondisjuntion and what human condition is likely a result of it?

Answer 36

when a pair of homologous chromosomes fail to separate at anaphase so both go to same daughter cells. example is downs from trisomy 21

Question 37

how many codons are used for the amino acid Leucine in protein synthesis?

Answer 37

6

Question 38

if a cell in in the G0 stage, this means:

Answer 38

it;s not undergoing cell divisions

Question 39

what are the names of the end types of cells from 1-mitosis and 2-meisosis?

Answer 39

diploid and haploid

Question 40

what is Huntington's disease

Answer 40

genetic disorder affecting brain and nervous system

Question 41

apoptosis is ____?

Answer 41

programmed cell death

Question 42

RH incompatibility could result in?

Answer 42

rh-mom, rh+ dad

Question 43

sister chromatids have:

Answer 43

same genes and same alleles

Question 44

consanguineous mating is:

Answer 44

blood relative mating