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1
Q

How do you identify a chromosome?

A

size and length. banding pattern, position of the centromere

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2
Q

What is the process by which prokaryotic cells divide?

A

binary fission

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3
Q

what is the difference between mitosis and meioisis

A

Mitosis creates two identical cells, meiosis makes 4 unique cells

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4
Q

What phase of mitosis is characterized by the splitting o hromosomes and their movement to opposite sides of the cell?

A

anaphase

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5
Q

define gene

A

DNA that codes proteins (RNA)

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6
Q

define allele

A

1 of 2 or more alternative forms of a gene in the same position on a chromosome

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7
Q

what is the longest stage of the cell cycle?

A

interphase

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8
Q

what are the stages of a cell cycle?

A

G1 phase, S phase (synthesis), G2 (interphase) and M (mitosis, cytokinesis)

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9
Q

what happens during Cytokinesis

A

cytoplasm divides, forming 2 daughter cells

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10
Q

G Zero is what?

A

the non-dividing stage of the cell cycle

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11
Q

trisomy 21 is:

A

a genetic abnormality that leads to down syndrome

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12
Q

Huntington’s disease is caused by:

A

a dominant allele

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13
Q

Marfan syndrome is characterized by:

A

connective tissue defects

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14
Q

A person with AO blood has what phenotype?`

A

Type A

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15
Q

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

A

G-genes themselves, Ph-physically observable traits

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16
Q

co dominance is:

A

when both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype

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17
Q

RH incompatibility occurs when

A

the child is RH+ and mom is RH-

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18
Q

what does apotosisi do?

A

eliminates damaged or unwanted cells

19
Q

What mutations are associated with breast and ovarian cancers?

A

BRCA 1 and BRCA 2

20
Q

the hayflick liit is:

A

the maximum number of cell divisions in normal human cells

21
Q

what process in meiosis increases genetic diversity?

A

crossing over

22
Q

what is the purpose of a pedigree?

A

to determine modes of inheritance and probabilities of genetic traits

23
Q

where in the cell does protein sysnthesisi occur?

A

ribosome

24
Q

what is the role of tRNA is protein synthesisis?

A

to bring amino acids to the ribosomes and bind to the mRNA codons

25
Q

Which codon serves as the start codon in mRNA translation?

A

AUG

26
Q

What is the term for a condition in which an individual has too many or too few chromosomes?

A

aneuploidy

27
Q

what is the rp;e pf DNA repair enzymes in in preventing cancer?

A

to repair mutuations in DNA

28
Q

What is unique about HeLa cells?

A

they are cancer cells that re ‘immortal’ and continue dividing forever

29
Q

what happens AFTER DNA re[location but before crossing over in meiosis?

A

each chromosome is composed of two identical sister chromatids

30
Q

the three things in mRNA that tRNAs recognize during translation are called:

A

codons

31
Q

the process in mitosis and emiosis where chromosomes become visible is called:

A

chromosome condensation

32
Q

crossing over occurs during:

A

meioisis between sister chromoatids of homologous chromosomes

33
Q

Which if the following allele combinations for the ABO blood group would demonstrate codomininace? AO, BO, OO, AB

A

AB

34
Q

during proteinsynthesis a _____brings an amino acid to the ribosome

A

tRNA

35
Q

a zygote is formed as a result of

A

sperm fertilizing the ovum

36
Q

What is nondisjuntion and what human condition is likely a result of it?

A

when a pair of homologous chromosomes fail to separate at anaphase so both go to same daughter cells. example is downs from trisomy 21

37
Q

how many codons are used for the amino acid Leucine in protein synthesis?

A

6

38
Q

if a cell in in the G0 stage, this means:

A

it;s not undergoing cell divisions

39
Q

what are the names of the end types of cells from 1-mitosis and 2-meisosis?

A

diploid and haploid

40
Q

what is Huntington’s disease

A

genetic disorder affecting brain and nervous system

41
Q

apoptosis is ____?

A

programmed cell death

42
Q

RH incompatibility could result in?

A

rh-mom, rh+ dad

43
Q

sister chromatids have:

A

same genes and same alleles

44
Q

consanguineous mating is:

A

blood relative mating

Review from past tests (1 decks)

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