Review Flashcards
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
What is an element?
A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom, defined by its atomic number.
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms bonded together, which can be the same or different elements.
6 framework of life?
- Cells
- Metabolism
- Homeostasis
- Growth
- Reproduction
- Response to stimuli
Primary cellular energy?
ATP Adenosine triphosphate, the primary energy carrier in cells.
What are the bio molecular classes?
- Lipids
- Proteins
- Carbohydrates
- Nucleic acids
What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Autotrophs produce their own food (e.g., plants), while heterotrophs consume other organisms for energy.
Unique properties of water for life?
- Solvency
- Cohesion
- Adhesion
- Surface tension
- Heat capacity
- Density
- Ionization
What are the functions of proteins?
Proteins function through their structure, which determines their activity (e.g., enzymes, signaling).
What are the stabilizing forces in proteins?
Interactions that maintain protein structure, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces.
What does the transition temperature of fats depend on?
Interactions that maintain protein structure, including hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals forces.
What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?
artificial: breeding, selected traits or genes, short span of time
natural: adaptations, long span of time
What are ways you can adapt to the cold?
- Produce antifreeze proteins (AFP)
- Produce glycerol molecules
What did the Icefish do to adapt and how did it work?
They lost hemoglobin and developed AFPs to improve blood flow and oxygen delivery in cold environments.
What are the main activities of antifreeze proteins (AFP)?
- Lowering freezing point
- Preventing ice crystal formation
- Enhancing oxygen transportç
