Review Flashcards
Remember all the answers!
After escaping from slavery, this woman made repeated trips to the South and helped lead more than 300 slaves to freedom. She also served as a nurse and spy for the Union during the Civil War.
Harriet Tubman
He launched many armed raids to free slaves in the South, but when he readed the U.S. Army’s arsenal at Harper’s Ferry to steal guns in 1839, he ended up in jail.
John Brown
This publisher,orator, and journalist felt so strongly for abolition that he suggested in his newspaper, Liberator, that the U.S. throw out the constitution if it would hep end slavery.
William Lloyd Garrison
There were no locomotives on this famous trail of safe passages to the North that over 100,000 slaves used to escape to freedom.
the Underground Railroad
Born into slavery around 1797 in New York, she would escape her owner to become an abolitionist and women’s rights activist. She left her slave name, Isabella Bamfree, behind and changed it to this.
Sojourner Truth
ended slavery and involuntary solitude
13th Amendment
established citizenship for all Americans, giving them all rights and protections
14th Amendment
gave all American men the right to vote
15th Amendment
gave women the right to vote
19th Amendment
made poll taxes illegal (common way that blacks were denied the vote)
24th Amendment
found that slaves were not citizens and the he federal government could not regulate slavery in territories. (common way that blacks were denied the vote)
Dred Scott v. Sandford
found that segregation was legal under a “separate but equal” practice
Plessy v. Ferguson
overruled PLessy v. Ferguson, and declared segregation unconstitutional under the equal protection clause in the 14th Amendment
Brown v. Topeka Board of Education
made segregation on public transportation illegal
Boyton v. Virgina
ended laws banning interracial marriage
Loving v. Virginia
declared all slaves in the Confederate South free
Emancipation Proclamation
banned discrimination in government departments
Executive Order 8802
desegregated the Armed Forces
Executive Order 9981
banned segregation in federal housing
Executive Order 11063
Prohibited discrimination for employment on the basis of race, color, gender, or national origin.
Executive Order 11246
The first President of the United States of African-American decent, in 2008.
Barack Obama
both Baptist ministers Rev. Jesse Jackson and Rev. Al Sharpton have run a political campaign for this top government office, in different years of course.
President of the United States
Ret. Maj. General Charles F. Bolden is the former top administrator of this government program of space exploration, in which he new on four Space Shuttle missions.
National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA)
The first African American Supreme Court Justice, in 1969.
Thurgood Marshall
The president of the United States who signed the Civil Rights Act in 1964.
Lyndon B. Johnson
Carol Mosley Braun was the first African American woman to be elected to this legislative body in 1993. Kamala Harris was the second in 2017.
The U.S. Senate
He was the first African American chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in control of all of the armed forces, in 1989; he was also the first African American Secretary of State, in 2001.
Colin Powell
He escaped to the North in 1838, wrote a book about his life as a slave in 1845, met Abraham Lincoln in 1863, campaigned for Ulysses S. Grant in 1868, and became ambassador to Haiti in 1889.
Frederick Douglass
She was the Secretary Of State for President George W. Bush, and the second woman to ever hold that position (but she has always said she would rather be the NFL football commissioner).
Dr. Condoleeza Rice
She was the first African American to run for the Democratic nomination for the presidency of the United States, in 1972.
Shirley Chisholm (Black)
In 2013, he became the first Republican African-American Senator from South Carolina to serve since 1897.
Tim Scott
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
NAACP
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
SNCC
Congress Of Racial Equality
CORE
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
SCLC
National Urban League
NUL
National Council of Negro Women
NCNW
United Negro College Fund
UNCF
On december 1, 1955, she refused to give up her seat to a white passenger and sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and the start of the Civil Right Era.
Rosa Parks
After Reconstruction of the 1870s, these ‘bird nicknamed’ types of laws were passed in many states under a “separate but equal” guideline that kept whites and blacks apart in public areas and institutions such as schools, restrooms, transportation, state buildings, restaurants, theaters, and even marriage.
Jim Crow laws
On the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered this famous speech to 5 million protesters on August 28, 1963.
“I Have A Dream”
This famous 1960s political activist and civil rights orator was born with the name Malcolm Little.
Malcolm X
Members of the army were called to protect nine African American student when they attended the first integrated Southern high school in this city, the capital of Arkansas.
Little Rock
In the landmark 1954 legal decision Brown vs. Topeka Board of Education, the Supreme Court overturned all of the “separate but equal” rulings since 1896, which had allowed public schools in some states to separate students on the basis of rae. This practice was called…
segregation
Sponsored by such groups as the Congress of RAcial Equality (CORE) and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), these protesters of all races, boarded buses in the north and traveled to the South testing a court decision ending segregation.
the Freedom Riders
Criticized by scholar W.E.B. Dubois as “The Great Accommodator” for his cooperation with white society around the start of the 20th century, this famous educator and ex-slave believed the racism could be ended through education, so he started and led the Tuskegee Institute for teachers and tradesmen.
Booker T. Washington
Martin Luther king, Jr. often said that this Indian spiritual leader’s philosophies of non-violence and truth were the inspiration for his stand during the Civil Rights era.
Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi
This native of Jamaica, he founded a movement in 1914 to bring all the black people of American together in a modern back-to-Africa movement for the sake of justice, pride, and nationalism. His flag of red, black, and green became a symbol of black unity and remains so to this day.
Marcus Garvey
Now the site of the National Civil Rights Museum, Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated April 4, 1968, on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel in this Tennessee city.
Memphis
Murdered in 1963 by the Ku Klux Klan, this civil rights activist from Mississippi headed the state field office of the NAACP and was instrumental in investigating hate crimes and leading boycotts of racist businesses. After 3 trials, his killer was finally convicted over 30 years later, in 1994.
Medgar Evers
On september 20, 2007, the small town of Jena played host to over 15,000 demonstrators, who marched along with protesters in cites around America, to protest the treatment of six African American teenaggers who were arrested and charged with beating a white student after serious racial tensions at their high school, in this state.
Louisiana
2020 saw a renewed interest in the protesting for civil rights of African Americans, after this man was murdered by a police officer during an arrest in Minneapolis.
George Floyd
Led by john lewis, Hosea williams, James Bevel, and Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., the violent 1965 civil rights marches to the Alabama capital of Montgomery from this title city 54 miles away were given tribute in a 2014 film.
Selma
