Review

Question 1

Prophase

Answer 1

• a chromatin strand that becomes more tightly coiled
• the strands join together and are called chromosomes (46)
• a chromosomes is made up of 2 identical sister chromatids and are joined by a centromere
• centrioles move to opposite ends of the cell to give direction
• spindle fibres guide chromosomes and stretch across the cell from centriole to centriole
• nuclear membrane and nucleus disappears

Question 2

Metaphase

Answer 2

• chromosomes line up in the middle
• spindle fibres attach to chromosomes at the centromere
• tugging of spindle fibres pulls chromosomes into a line

Question 3

Anaphase

Answer 3

• two exact copies of sister chromatids within each chromosome are pulled apart by the spindle fibres
• the centromere are pulled apart making the sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell

Question 4

Telophase

Answer 4

• chromatids reach the poles
• chromosomes stretch out again (chromatin)
• spindle fibers and centriole disappear
• nuclear membrane reforms around the chromatin
• nucleus forms inside each nucleus - - opposite of prophase

Question 5

eukaryotes

Answer 5

• cells that has a true nucleus

Question 6

prokaryotes

Answer 6

• Lacks a true nucleus
• genetic material is free floating in the cell
• genetic material is either a loop or small piece caked a plasmid

Question 7

vestigal structures

Answer 7

• structures that are reduced or non-functional version of a structure that was functional in the organism’s ancestors
• Ex. dogs have a vestigial toe

Question 8

Photosynthesis Formula

Answer 8

Energy + CO2 + H2O = O2 + C6Hi2O2

Question 9

(Aggregation) Strepto

Answer 9

Chain

Question 10

(Aggregation) Diplo

Answer 10

Two

Question 10

(Aggregation) Mono

Answer 10

Single

Question 11

(Aggregation) Staphylo

Answer 11

Clump

Question 12

(Shape) Cocci

Answer 12

Round

Question 13

(Shape) Bacilli

Answer 13

Rod

Question 14

(Shape) Spirilla

Answer 14

Corkscrew

Question 15

Mechanical Digestion

Answer 15

physical breakdown of food, which usually happens in the mouth with teeth and tongue and in the stomach

Question 16

Chemical Digestion

Answer 16

Particles are broken down into smaller subunits via enzymes and chemical reactions, which happens in the mouth, stomach and small intestine

Question 17

Viruses

Answer 17

Non-living
Lytic (host symptoms are immediate)
Lysogenic (host symptoms are dormant for a long time)
Can’t be given antibiotics because viruses are non-living

Question 18

incomplete dominance

Answer 18

intermediate allele is expressed in the heterozygous situation

Question 19

complete

Answer 19

one allele dominates over the other in heterozygous situations

Question 20

codominance

Answer 20

both allels will be expressed in a heterozygous situation

Question 21

Radial symmetry

Answer 21

usually found in round (cylindrical) Organisms

Question 22

Prophase 1

Answer 22

• chromosomes tight and come together in homologous pairs (synapsis)
  -as each pair had 4 chromatids they form a tetrad
• crossing over occurs between homologous pairs exchanging genetic material
• nuclear membran disintegrates

Question 23

Bilateral symmetry

Answer 23

symmetrical when you cut things down the middle

Question 24

Crossing over

Answer 24

The exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes happens during prophase 1 in meiosis 1.

Question 25

Fitness (evolution)

Answer 25

producing many generation of viable fertile offspring

Question 26

Monocot

Answer 26

Seed has only 1 cotyledon

Question 27

Dicot

Answer 27

seed has 2 cotyledons

Question 28

During inhalation

Answer 28

• diaphragm muscles contract, pulling downward
• external intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs upward and outward

Question 29

during exhalation

Answer 29

• passive process
• diaphragm muscles & external innercostal muscles relaxes rib cage moves inward and downward