Review Flashcards
what are the 4 macromolecules
lipids, nucleic acid, carbohydrates, and proteins
what is a monomer
small, basic subunit
what is a polymer
large more complex structures made of monomers
lipid-
Monomer
Polymer
Energy storage
Body uses
monomer- fatty acid
polymer- triglycerides
energy storage- long term
body uses these 2nd for energy
carbohydrates-
Monomer
Polymer
Ex
Body uses
monomer- monosaccharides (sugar)
polymer- polysaccharide (sugar)
ex: starch (how plants store energy) cellulose (structured support in play cell walls)
body used 1st for energy
nucleic acid
Monomer
Polymer
Info
Body uses
monomer- nucleotide A,T,G,C
polymer- nucleic acid
info. molecules that store, transmit, and express our genetic information
never used for energy
proteins
Monomer
Polymer
Ex
Body uses
monomer- amino acid
polymer- polypeptide
ex: enzymes, hormones
busy uses has last resort for energy
What is cellulose
It prevents the cell from bursting when holding large amounts of water by maintaining the cells rigidity
Cellulose is a polymer of….
Carbohydrates
Which macromolecules is not obtain from our food and where do we get it from
Nucleic acid; we are born with them (from out parents)
Nucleus
Eukaryotic
Membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotic
Division
Prokaryotic- binary fission
Eukaryotic- mitosis
Size of cell
Prokaryotic- unicellular
Eukaryotic- uni or multicellular
Cell walls
Prokaryotic- yes made of peptidoglycan
Eukaryotic- only fungi and plants made of chitin or cellulose
Isotonic
Outside and inside are about even
Hupotonic
Swells in the middle
Hypertonic
Shrivels in the middle
Osmosis
It’s the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration
Define cancer
Uncontrolled cell growth
Types of nitrogen bases
DNA- A, T, G, C
RNA- A, U, G, C
Types of sugar
DNA- deoxyribose
RNA- ribose
Shape
DNA- double helix
RNA- single strand
Strands
DNA- 2
RNA- 1
