Review

Question 1

what are the 4 macromolecules

Answer 1

lipids, nucleic acid, carbohydrates, and proteins

Question 2

what is a monomer

Answer 2

small, basic subunit

Question 3

what is a polymer

Answer 3

large more complex structures made of monomers

Question 4

lipid-
Monomer
Polymer
Energy storage
Body uses

Answer 4

monomer- fatty acid
polymer- triglycerides
energy storage- long term
body uses these 2nd for energy

Question 5

carbohydrates-
Monomer
Polymer
Ex
Body uses

Answer 5

monomer- monosaccharides (sugar)
polymer- polysaccharide (sugar)
ex: starch (how plants store energy) cellulose (structured support in play cell walls)
body used 1st for energy

Question 6

nucleic acid
Monomer
Polymer
Info
Body uses

Answer 6

monomer- nucleotide A,T,G,C
polymer- nucleic acid
info. molecules that store, transmit, and express our genetic information
never used for energy

Question 7

proteins
Monomer
Polymer
Ex
Body uses

Answer 7

monomer- amino acid
polymer- polypeptide
ex: enzymes, hormones
busy uses has last resort for energy

Question 8

What is cellulose

Answer 8

It prevents the cell from bursting when holding large amounts of water by maintaining the cells rigidity

Question 9

Cellulose is a polymer of….

Answer 9

Carbohydrates

Question 10

Which macromolecules is not obtain from our food and where do we get it from

Answer 10

Nucleic acid; we are born with them (from out parents)

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

Eukaryotic

Question 12

Membrane-bound organelles

Answer 12

Eukaryotic

Question 13

Division

Answer 13

Prokaryotic- binary fission
Eukaryotic- mitosis

Question 14

Size of cell

Answer 14

Prokaryotic- unicellular
Eukaryotic- uni or multicellular

Question 15

Cell walls

Answer 15

Prokaryotic- yes made of peptidoglycan
Eukaryotic- only fungi and plants made of chitin or cellulose

Question 16

Isotonic

Answer 16

Outside and inside are about even

Question 17

Hupotonic

Answer 17

Swells in the middle

Question 18

Hypertonic

Answer 18

Shrivels in the middle

Question 19

Osmosis

Answer 19

It’s the diffusion of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration

Question 20

Define cancer

Answer 20

Uncontrolled cell growth

Question 21

Types of nitrogen bases

Answer 21

DNA- A, T, G, C
RNA- A, U, G, C

Question 22

Types of sugar

Answer 22

DNA- deoxyribose
RNA- ribose

Question 23

Shape

Answer 23

DNA- double helix
RNA- single strand

Question 24

Strands

Answer 24

DNA- 2
RNA- 1

Question 25

Located

Answer 25

DNA- nucleus
RNA- ribosomes

Question 26

What is the cellular function of a ribosome

Answer 26

It is directly involved in the boarding of amino acids to synthesize proteins

Question 27

Nitrogen bases bond only to theircomplementary base pairs with weak hydrogen bonds. What are the pairs?

Answer 27

DNA- A-T and G-C
RNA- A-U and G-C

Question 28

Describe is transcription

Answer 28

Transcription- carry the code/instructions out of the nucleus (DNA copied into a complementary strand of mRNA)

Question 29

What is translation

Answer 29

Read/follow the instructions carried on mRNA to make a polypeptide

Question 30

Whats mRNA

Answer 30

carry coded information to the ribosomes

Question 31

What’s tRNA

Answer 31

molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes

Question 32

What’s a codon

Answer 32

A set of three nucleotides on the mRNA