Review

Question 1

What is the first constitution of the United States?

Answer 1

Articles of Confederation

Question 2

Why did the United States not keep the Articles of Confederation?

Answer 2

It gave too much power to the states and not enough to the national government.

It did not allow the government to levy taxes, and had no president.

Question 3

What are some of the major weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? (hint - 6 answers)

Answer 3

• Only a legislative branch
• Congress hd no power to tax
• No national currency
• Each state had 1 vote in the Confederation Congress.
• No Executive and no Judicial branch, which means no president or supreme court.
  -Gave too much power to the states and not enough power to the national government.

Question 4

What is the purpose of the Northwest Ordinance?

Answer 4

• Established the principles and procedures for the orderly expansion c the United States.

-Made slavery illegal in the Northwest Territory

-Set an important land policy by incorporating new western lands as EQUAL STATES

Question 4

What is the importance of Shays’ Rebellion?

Answer 4

It proved that the Articles of Confederation were too weak to control the nation.

Question 5

Why were the first two political parties formed?

Answer 5

they formed over differences in how much power the national government should have.

Question 6

What were the first two political parties?

Answer 6

Anti-Federalists (later called the Democratic Republicans), and Federalists,

Question 7

Who were the leaders of each of the first two political parties?

Answer 7

Federalists - Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

Anti-Federalists - George Mason, Patrick Henry, and Thomas Jefferson

Question 8

Who was in favor of ratifying the constitution? Why did they like it?

Answer 8

Federalist

Question 9

Why did they like the idea of ratifying the constitution?

Answer 9

because they wanted a strong federal government

Question 10

Who was against the Constitution?

Answer 10

Antifederalists

Question 11

Why did the antifederalists not like the constitution?

Answer 11

scared it would give too much power to the central govemment, and no protection of the people against the government, so they wanted a Bill or Rights added

Question 12

What did the Federalists believe or stand for?

Answer 12

• Supported removing some powers from the states and giving more power to the national government
• Favored dividing powers among the different branches of government
• Proposed a single person to lead the executive branch
• Led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

Question 13

What did the Antifederalists believe or stand for?

Answer 13

• Wanted important political powers to remain with the states
• Wanted the legislative branch to have more power than the executive branch
• Feared that a strong executive might become a king or tyrant.
• Believed a bill of rights needed to be added to the Constitution to protect people’s rights

Question 14

Who led the Federalists

Answer 14

Led by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay

Question 15

Who led the Antifederalists

Answer 15

Led by Patrick Henry and
George Mason

Question 16

Know the major issues of the Philadelphia Convention of 1787:

Answer 16

New Jersey Plan
Virginia Plan
Great Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise

Question 17

What was the New Jersey Plan

Answer 17

(small states) wanted the states to have equal representation. Unicameral legislature- meaning one house Each state would have an equal number of representatives.

Question 18

What was the Virginia Plan?

Answer 18

(LARGE STATES) wanted representation to be based on population size.

Wanted three separate branches of government. - a legislative branch, executive branch, and judicial branch

Wanted Bicameral legislature which means two houses of government

The number of representatives for each state would be based on population

Question 19

What was the Great Compromise?

Answer 19

Bicameral legislature
In the lower house (House of Representatives), the number of representatives for each state is determined by population.
In the upper house (Senate), each state has an equal number of representatives.

Question 20

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

Answer 20

This allowed states to count three out of every five enslaved person for representation and taxation.

Question 21

What is the purpose of the Constitution?

Answer 21

To establish the supreme of the land, to list the part of the government controlled by the federal government and state governments

Question 22

What were The Federalist Papers?

Answer 22

It was a series of 85 letters published in the newspaper to influence vote in favor of ratification.

Question 23

Who wrote the Federalist papers?

Answer 23

Written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay.

Question 24

Who is called the Father of the Constitution? Why is he called that?

Answer 24

James Madison- because he contributed so much to the writing of the Constitution and took many pages of notes, called the most informed man.

Question 25

What are the first 10 amendments to the Constitution called?

Answer 25

BILL OF RIGHTS

Question 26

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

Answer 26

Rights that protect us from the government

Question 27

What is the First Amendment?

Answer 27

Ensures: Freedom of religion, speech, the press, peaceable assembly, and petition

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Question 28

What is the Second Amendment? A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

Answer 28

Ensures: The right to keep and bear arms

A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.

Question 29

What is the Third Amendment?

Answer 29

Ensures: Troops will not be quartered in citizens’ homes without permission

No soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Question 30

What is the Fourth Amendment?

Answer 30

Ensures: Protection against unreasonable search and seizure

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Question 31

What is the Fifth Amendment?

Answer 31

Ensures: Protection against the taking of life, liberty, or property without due process of law; protection against self-incrimination

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia, when in actual service in time of war or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Question 32

What is the Sixth Amendment?

Answer 32

Ensures: A person accused of a crime has a right to a defense lawyer, to a speedy and public trial, to hear charges, to call witnesses, and to be present when witnesses speak in court

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.

Question 33

What is the Seventh Amendment?

Answer 33

Ensures: In federal civil trials, the right to trial by jury

In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Question 34

What is the Eighth Amendment?

Answer 34

Ensures: Protection against excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Question 35

What is the Ninth Amendment?

Answer 35

Ensures: The rights enumerated in the Constitution are not a person’s only rights

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Question 36

What is the Tenth Amendment?

Answer 36

Ensures: Powers not delegated to the federal government nor prohibited to the states are reserved to the states or to the people

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.