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Biology Finals > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Define replication

A

When DNA makes DNA

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2
Q

Define transcription

A

When DNA makes mRNA

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3
Q

Define translation

A

When mRNA codes for amino acid(protein)

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4
Q

Define mutation

A

Any change in DNA

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5
Q

6CO2+6H2O-> C6H12O6+6O2 represents what?

A

Photosynthesis

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6
Q

What is the function of tRNA?

A

To transfer amino acid to ribosomes while making protein.

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7
Q

Which cellular process converts solar energy into chemical energy?

A

Photosynthesis

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8
Q

Why is a pyramid used to represent energy flow within a ecosystem?

A

Because the amount of energy transferred lessens through the food chain.

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9
Q

Which organelle modifies cell products and then packages them for distribution?

A

The golgi

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10
Q

Zebra mussels were first discovered in the Great Lakes thirty years ago and have since spread to lakes throughout the region. Zebra mussels reproduce quickly and have few natural predators. What will most likely happen to other native mussel species in the great Lakes region?

A

Natural selection will take its course

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11
Q

Why is a bacterial call classified as a prokaryote?

A

Because it does not have a nucleus.

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12
Q

Which tropic level has the greatest total amount of energy to transfer to the next level?

A

Tropic level #1

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13
Q

What is the primary function of DNA in organisms?

A

Controls your features.

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14
Q

A cell requires energy to move materials from an area of low concentration, across the cell membrane, to an area of high concentration. What is this process called?

A

Active transport

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15
Q

What are the reactant and product of photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

A

Photosynthesis:
Reactant- 6CO2 + 6 H20 + sunlight
Product- c6h12o6 + 6o2
Cellular respiration:
Reactant- c6h12o6 + 6o2
Product-6CO2 + 6 H20+ energy(ATP)

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16
Q

What is the relationship between those two processes?

A

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interdependent meaning they rely on one another.

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17
Q

How do enzymes function in the body?

A

Enzymes lower down the activation energy to start any chemical reaction and increase the rate of the chemical reaction.

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18
Q

what is the range of pI is considered
as acid and what is the range of PH is considered as base or alkaline?

A

Acid- below 7
Neutral- 7
Alkaline/base- above 7
Range is 0-14

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19
Q

How does pH and temperature affect enzyme activities in our body?

A

Enzymes can be destroyed in the presence of high temperature or different pH, this is because the active sites shape will change causing the substrate to be unable to fit into the active site.

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20
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

The arrangement of chromosomes in our cells.

21
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are present in human karyotype?

A

There are 23 pairs of chromosomes

22
Q

Algae-›Zooplankton >Minnow >Perch->Hawk.
What would most likely result if bacteria caused the death of most of the minnow
population?

A

Zooplankton population will increase

23
Q

Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease that affects the respiratory and digestive systems. Cystic fibrosis occurs when two recessive genes (cc) are present. A person with one allele for cystic fibrosis is called a carrier (Cc) of the disease. If the mother is a carrier of the disease and the father is homozygous dominant, what are the chances that their child will
be a carrier of cystic fibrosis?

A

There will be a 50% chance their child will be a carrier for the disease.

24
Q

Two finches share a common ancestor from South America. What is the most likely way that one ancestral finch species will develop into two distinet species?

A

Prolonged isolation

25
Q

Difference between animal and plant cell cytokinesis

A

In animal cell cytokinesis the cytoplasm divides by the cell forming cleavage, but in plant cell cytokinesis the cell forms a cell plate down the middle of the cell in order to divide.

26
Q

Each body cell of an organism contains 30 chromosomes. What is the number of
chromosomes in an egg cell, produced by meiosis?

A

15 chromosomes

27
Q

What is the function of ATP?

A

To provide/carry energy

28
Q

An ecosystem has a stable population of white-tailed deer. What is the most likely
outcome if a new species of deer that competed for the same resources were introduced?

A

The producer population will decrease

29
Q

In a deciduous forest ecosystem, a white tailed deer eats tree leaves while a hawk hunts a downy woodpecker. In the ground, earthworms break down eaves. What type of organism the Hawk is?

A

The hawk is a consumer

30
Q

Deciduous meaning

A

Producers that shed their leaves in the fall

31
Q

coniferous meaning

A

Producers that are evergreen and do not shed their leaves(usually have cones)

32
Q

An isolated population of fritillary, a species of butterfly, lives in a damp meadow. The fritillary larvae feed only on a species of violet plant that lives in the meadow. The adult fritillary does not fly far from the violet plants. One summer, a virus causes the violet plants to die. As a result of the absence of violets, what will happen to the fritillary population?

A

Their population will decrease

33
Q

Difference between meiosis and mitosis

A

Mitosis is equal division while meiosis is a reduction division. Meiosis is used of reproduction while mitosis is used for growth and repair.

34
Q

Reduction division meaning

A

Chromosome number reduces by half

35
Q

Equal division

A

Chromosome number stays the same.

36
Q

What is the polymer of amino acid?

A

Protein

37
Q

Which two structures are not present in animal cells?

A
  • cell wall
  • chloroplast
38
Q

A scientist want to determine how closely Tibetan antelopes are related to North American antelopes. Which evidence would be MOST accurate to compare?

A

DNA evidence

39
Q

A student notices that the lettuce in a salad wilts soon after salt is added. What is the reason behind it?

A

Because it becomes hypertonic and looses water.

40
Q

Hypertonic meaning?

A

The cell will shrink

41
Q

Hypotonic meaning

A

The cell will expand

42
Q

Difference between exponential and logistic growth?

A

Exponential : J- shaped
Logistical: S - shaped

43
Q

A cross between a red rose and a white rose produced plants with only pink flowers. What is this pattern of inheritance?

A

Incomplete dominance

44
Q

In certain species of guinea pigs, black fur is dominant to white fur. If a white male guinea pig is crossed with a black homozygous dominant female, what is the probability of having offspring with black fur?

A

100% black fur

45
Q

One Parent has purple flowers (Pp) and the other parent has white flowers (Pp).Which offspring expected from this cross?

A

2:2 (purple:white)

46
Q

If 10% of a DNA sample is made up of thymine, I, what percentage of the sample is made up of cytosine, C?

A

A=T
G=C
A+T+G+C=100%
C= 40%

47
Q

Which process most contributes to genetic variation in a population?

A

Mutation

48
Q

A) You have a DNA sequence that codes for a protein and is 39 nucleotides long. How many amino acids they can make?

A

13 amino acids can be made

49
Q

A frame shift mutation occurs at the 31st base- how many amino acids will be correct in this protein?

A

10 amino acids will be correct

Biology Finals (1 decks)

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