review Flashcards
is a collective term for measuring instruments that are used for indicating, measuring and recording physical quantities. The term has its origins in the art and science of scientific instrument-making.
Instrumentation
can refer to devices as simple as direct-reading thermometers, or as complex as multi-sensor components of industrial control systems. Today, instruments can be found in laboratories, refineries, factories and vehicles, as well as in everyday household use (e.g., smoke detectors and thermostats)
Instrumentation
automatic process control in continuous production processes is a combination of control engineering and chemical engineering disciplines that uses industrial control systems to achieve a production level of consistency, economy and safety which could not be achieved purely by human manual control.
Process Control
It is implemented widely in industries such as oil refining, pulp and paper manufacturing, chemical processing and power generating plants.
Process Control
is a device that converts energy from one form to another. Usually a transducer converts a signal in one form of energy to a signal in another.
transducers
There are two general types of transducers,
SENSORS
ACTUATORS
is a device, module, machine, or subsystem whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information to other electronics, frequently a computer processor.
Sensors
is always used with other electronics.
Sensors
13 Different Types of Sensors
Temperature Sensor
Proximity Sensor
Accelerometer
IR Sensor (Infrared Sensor)
Pressure Sensor
Light Sensor
Ultrasonic Sensor
Smoke, Gas and Alcohol Sensor
Touch Sensor
Color Sensor
Humidity Sensor
Tilt Sensor
Flow and Level Sensor
Applications of Hydraulics
- Elevators
- Machine tools: hoppers, hydraulic presses, cylinders, and rams
- Turbines
- Dump truck lift
- Excavating arms for diggers
- The hydraulic braking system in cars
- Dams
- Wheelchair lift
- Hydraulic presses for forging metal parts
- Wing flaps on aircraft
- Lift cars using a hydraulic lift
- Amusement parks
- Jaws of life
What Are The 7 Basic Components Of A Hydraulic System
Reservoir oil tank
Pipes
Hydraulic pump
Power source
Actuator
Valves
Filters
of the process flow diagram has the following information, consist of project title, facility name, drawing name/title, drawing number, and also the information such as who has drawn it. So we must check the title of the drawing and it would describe which process we are looking at.
Title block
of the PFD diagram shows the equipment, connection of the piping to the equipment, instruments, line that connects the instrument, instrument control loops, and line numbers, value codes, etc.
Main drawing
The PFD drawing would also show the equipment which is in the process and it would have information related to the equipment type. We could get equipment information such as capacity, physical size, pressure, and temperature information, the horsepower of pumps, differential head of the pump, and it also shows the equipment number which can be seen in all the equipment.
Equipment description
There could be changes in the plant process so according to that there should be changes in the PFD. So if a certain area of the plant is changed then the PFD will be revised and reissued all the time of these changes. There will also be the revision description which would be mostly above the title block and by looking at it we could understand what changes are made. There would be revision clouds and triangle to determine the changes which are made from the previous one.
Issue description
