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1
Q

88A

A
  • An aircraft that enters into the control zone/TRA and: remains within the control zone/TRA for an extended flight activity before exiting – repeatedly enters and exits the control zone/ TRA – Remains within the control zone/ TRA for an extended flight activity before landing
  • An aircraft that departs the airport circuit and remains within the control zone/ TRA for an extended flight activity
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2
Q

Traffic phraseology format

A
  1. Position of aircraft
  2. Direction of flight
  3. Type of aircraft/ relative speed
  4. Altitude of aircraft
  5. Reporting point and time
  6. Other information
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3
Q

You may vector an IFR aircraft within the control zone, provided ….
and any of the following apply:

A

responsibility for control has been transferred to the tower

  • The pilot requests it.
  • You suggest it and the pilot accepts it.
  • You consider it necessary for flight safety.
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4
Q

ATS surveillance separation conditions:

A
  • At least one of the aircraft is VFR.
  • NARDS displays a maximum range of 60 miles from left to right.
  • The ATS surveillance source is not ADS-B.
  • The PPS is size 2 or larger.
  • Altitude readouts are displayed for both aircraft, or the aircraft are no more than 3000 feet above airport elevation.
  • Both aircraft are 60 miles or less from the radar site.
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5
Q

If identification becomes doubtful or is lost, immediately do either of the following:

A
  • Identify/ re-identify the aircraft using the same technique more than once or use more than one of the techniques provided in Identification Methods.
  • Terminate ATS surveillance service and apply procedural separation.
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6
Q

Why would you vector someone in a control zone

A
  • to provide navigational assistance
  • establish visual separation
  • establish approach sequence
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7
Q

Holding technique for VFR aircraft

A

Orbit

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8
Q

VFR holding instructions, include:

A
  • Location of holding, expressed in one of four cardinal points and direction of turns
  • Specified holding time
  • Traffic information
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9
Q

Where runway configurations are appropriate, you may use one runway for light VFR aircraft and another for heavy VFR or IFR aircraft, provided:

A
  • The surface wind components permit the use of more than one runway.
  • The pilot accepts the suggested runway
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10
Q

Intersecting runways:
Successive departures

A

Ensure that the 1st aircraft does one of the following before the 2nd aircraft begins its take-off roll:
* Turns to avoid any conflict
* Passes the intersection
* Crosses the second aircraft’s intended departure runway

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11
Q

Intersecting runways:
Departures before arrivals

A

Ensure that the departing aircraft does one of the following before the arriving aircraft crosses the landing threshold or the flight path of the departing aircraft:
* Turns to avoid any conflict
* Passes the intersection
* Crosses the flight path of the arriving aircraft

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12
Q

Intersecting runways:
Arrivals before departures

A

Ensure that the arriving aircraft does one of the following before a departing aircraft begins its take-off roll:
* Taxies off the landing runway
* Completes the landing roll and holds short of the intersection
o The arriving aircraft need not be stopped, provided that the following apply:
o It has decelerated to taxi speed before the departing aircraft begins its take-off roll.
o It will neither enter the runway used by, nor cross the flight path of, the departing aircraft.
* Passes the intersection
* Crosses and clears the departure runway

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13
Q

Intersecting runways:
Successive Arrivals

A

Before the second aircraft crosses the landing threshold or the flight path of the first aircraft, ensure that the first aircraft does one of the following:
* Taxies off the landing runway
* Completes the landing roll and holds short of the intersection or flight path of the second aircraft
o The first aircraft need not be stopped, provided:
o It has decelerated to taxi speed before the second aircraft crosses the landing threshold.
o It will neither enter the runway used by, nor cross the flight path of, the second aircraft.
* Crosses and clears the intended runway or flight path of the second aircraft

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14
Q

Wake turbulence intersecting runways time/ mileage:
1st Super - 2nd Any

A
  • 3 min
  • Mileage not permitted
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15
Q

Wake turbulence intersecting runways time/ mileage:

1st: Heavy departing/ missed approach/ low approach (airborne paths cross)

2nd: Super:
Heavy:
Medium:
Light:

A

1st: Heavy departing/ missed approach/ low approach (airborne paths cross)

2nd: Super: 2 min/ no mileage
Heavy: 2 min/ 4 miles
Medium: 2 min/ 5 miles
Light: 2 min/ 6 miles

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16
Q

Wake turbulence intersecting runways time/ mileage:

1st: Heavy rotates before intersection

2nd: Medium/ Light rotates after intersection:

A

1st: Heavy rotates before intersection

2nd: Medium/ Light rotates after intersection: issue cautionary

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17
Q

Wake turbulence intersecting runways time/ mileage:

1st: Heavy rotates after intersection

2nd: Any rotates before intersection:

A

1st heavy rotates after intersection

2nd: Any rotates before intersection: issue cautionary

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18
Q

Wake turbulence intersecting runways time/ mileage:

1st: Medium departing/ missed approach/ low approach (including helicopter)

2nd: Light departing

A

1st: Medium departing/ missed approach/ low approach (including helicopter)

2nd: Light departing: issue cautionary

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19
Q

Things you need to do in the event of a runway change

A
  • Coordinate: with ground controller
  • Coordinate with ACC
  • Change ATIS
  • Change runway status bar on EXCDS (with coordination with ground controller/ ACC)
  • Change runway lights accordingly
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20
Q

Do not clear an aircraft for a simulated approach. You may, however, approve a simulated approach if:

A
  • VFR conditions exist at the airport
  • Traffic permits
  • You instruct the pilot maintain VFR at all times
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21
Q

Pilot expectations of a sim approach:

A
  • Conduct an uninterrupted full approach.
  • On final approach, the aircraft will be stabilized in landing configuration. If stable flight is not established, a missed approach or a go-around will be conducted.
  • Establish and maintain appropriate approach configuration and speed for aircraft on final approach.
  • The pilot wants to descend to the minimum descent altitude (MDA or DA) to fly toward the missed approach point (MAP).
  • Upon completion of the missed approach or touch-and-go procedure, the pilot will return to instrument reference at 400’ AGL, meaning the pilot will put on the hood to practice instrument flight again.
  • For certain types of multi-engine certifications, an engine failure simulation will be performed during the approach. (Note that after some accidents, engine failure exercises now normally occur above 1000’ AGL.)
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22
Q

Record a new ATIS message if any of the following occurs:

A
  • A new METAR or SPECI is received.
  • An applicable SIGMET, AIRMET, or PIREP is received, updated, or cancelled.
  • The altimeter setting changes by ± 0.04 inches or more since the last recorded altimeter data.
  • The type of IFR approach is changed.
  • A runway is changed.
  • An applicable NOTAM is received, updated, or cancelled.
  • A change in runway conditions is reported.
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23
Q

Successive arrivals, crossing flight path wake turbulence standard:

A

When a heavier arrival is on a crossing flight path ahead of either a VFR arrival or an IFR on visual approach, issue a cautionary.

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24
Q

Except during rapidly changing conditions, you need not issue information included in the current ATIS broadcast, provided the pilot acknowledges receipt of the broadcast.

What information must you provide the pilot?

A
  • runway number must always be stated

(Inform pilots of any new and pertinent information that differs from the current ATIS message)

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25
Q

An altitude readout is valid if the readout value does not differ by …. from the altitude reported by the aircraft.

A

more than 200 ft

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26
Q

You may permit an arrival behind a departure on the same runway provided that, before the arrival crosses the landing threshold, the departing aircraft is airborne and meets one of the following conditions:

A
  • It is at a distance from the threshold such that the arriving aircraft will not overtake it during the landing roll, or conflict with it in the event of a missed approach.
  • It has turned to avoid any conflict with the arriving aircraft in the event of a missed approach.
27
Q

You may clear an aircraft for multiple touch-and-gos provided ….

A

the pilot requests it and traffic permits.

28
Q

You may issue speed adjustment instructions to IFR and VFR aircraft as an aid to establish visual separation provided ….

A

you do not assign an IAS

  • “REDUCE TO APPROACH SPEED.”
  • “( INCREASE / REDUCE ) SPEED AS MUCH AS PRACTICABLE.”
  • “MAINTAIN PRESENT SPEED.”
  • “RESUME NORMAL SPEED.”
29
Q

IFR clearance format

A
  1. Prefix/aircraft ID
  2. Clearance limit
  3. SID
  4. Route
  5. Altitude
  6. Speed
  7. Departure, enroute, approach, or holding instructions
  8. Special instructions or information, may include an SSR code
  9. Traffic information
30
Q

Automatic Control Transfer

Control of an IFR flight conducting an IFR approach is transferred to Tower when ….

A

the aircraft is on final approach or final approach leg and operating within the Control Zone

31
Q

Cancel Automatic Control Transfer with Midtown ACC when:

A
  • the official weather sequence is less than 2500 feet, or
  • the visibility is less than 5 SM, or
  • Tower observation indicates that the visibility is less than 5 SM
32
Q

When must Runway guard lights be operated?

A

When an aircraft or vehicle is on the maneuvering area and:
* During the day when visibility is 3 miles or less, unless a higher minimum is specified by the airport operator
* At night in all visibility conditions

33
Q

Difference between precision and non precision approach

A

Precision approach: an instrument approach by an aircraft using azimuth and glide path information

Non-precision approach: an instrument approach by an aircraft using azimuth information

34
Q

IAF

A

Initial Approach Fix

  • The fix of an instrument approach procedure at which the aircraft leaves the enroute phase of operations to commence the approach
35
Q

Until you issue missed approach instructions, you should anticipate pilots conducting a go-around from a visual approach to ….

A

initially fly runway headings unless the pilot requests a published missed approach procedure to the instrument approach that is:
* Acknowledged by the controller
* Advertised on the automatic terminal information service (ATIS)

36
Q

Definition of handoff

A

The process of transferring the identification of an aircraft and radio communications for that aircraft to another sector or unit

37
Q

Unless otherwise specified in a unit directive, operate the VASIS or PAPI:

A
  • If the runway it serves is in use
  • At least 5 minutes before the ETA of an aircraft
  • Until the aircraft has landed
38
Q

Define wake turbulence

A

Turbulent air behind an aircraft caused by any of the following:
* Wing-tip vortices
* Rotor-tip vortices
* Jet-engine thrust stream or jet blast
* Rotor downwash
* Prop wash

39
Q

To avoid the vortex:
* Behind a heavier departure: 2nd departure/ arrival
* Behind a heavier arrival: 2nd departure/ arrival

A
  • Behind a heavier departure: a departure could lift off before the rotation point and climb above the flight path of the leading aircraft.
  • Behind a heavier departure: an arrival could touch down before the rotation point of the leading aircraft
  • Behind a heavier arrival: a departure could lift off after the touchdown point of the leading aircraft.
  • Behind a heavier arrival: an arrival could remain above the flight path and touch down beyond the touchdown point of the leading aircraft.
40
Q

What do you say to a pilot if there is wake and take off clearance cannot be issued?

A

ABC, NEGATIVE, HOLD SHORT RUNWAY ZERO-NINE, TWO MINUTE WAKE TURBULENCE DELAY FROM DEPARTED AIRBUS 1 MINUTE AGO.

ABC, AT ECHO LINE UP AND WAIT RUNWAY ZERO-NINE, 3 MINUTE WAKE TURBULENCE DELAY FROM DEPARTED AIRBUS AIRBORNE ABEAM FOXTROT.

41
Q

Same runway/ parallel runways < 2500 ft apart

3 mins wake turbulence delay situations:

A
  • Intersection departures in front of departed heavier aircraft
  • Opposite runway departure/missed approach/low approach
  • Any departures behind heavy missed approach/low approach
  • Light departure behind medium missed approach/low approach
42
Q

Same runway/ parallel runways < 2500ft apart

2 mins wake turbulence delay situations:

A
  • Any departure behind heavy aircraft at the same spot
  • Any departure behind heavy on parallel runway more than 2500 ft apart on a crossing path
43
Q

Same runway/ parallel runways < 2500 ft apart

Issue wake cautionary in any of these situations:

A
  • Light behind Medium departing same position
  • Departing from same intersection, in opposite direction, as heavier aircraft
  • 2nd departing at intersection passed by heavier aircraft, opposite direction, heavier aircraft rotates beyond intersection of 2nd aircraft
  • Any low approach/ pull up less than 2 min behind heavy departure, or light low approach/pull up behind medium departure
  • Sequencing VFR aircraft or allowing them to turn final behind a heavier arrival OR passing traffic to establish visual separation between VFR lights and heavier aircraft
44
Q

Issue a cautionary for helicopters that are within 2500 feet of the active runway where heavier aircraft are operating and either:

A
  • Operating entirely over the non-manoeuvring area
  • Operating over the manoeuvring area and expected to avoid the vortex zone of a heavier aircraft operating on an active runway
45
Q

Apply wake turbulence separation for air taxiing, hovering, or departing helicopters that are both:

A
  • Operating over the manoeuvring area within 2500 feet from the active runway
  • Expected to enter the vortex zone of a heavier aircraft
46
Q

If the pilot of an IFR or CVFR aircraft cancels IFR:

A
  • If VFR flight is not permitted due to airspace classification or weather conditions:
    ◦ Inform the pilot.
    ◦ If appropriate, pass the most recent weather sequence.
    ◦ Ask intentions.
  • Acknowledge the cancellation.
  • Ask whether the pilot is closing the IFR flight plan or itinerary, and respond as indicated below.
47
Q

Pilot cancels IFR and is closing FP/FI:

A
  • Acknowledge the closure.
  • Inform the pilot that the IFR flight plan is closed and alerting service terminated.
48
Q

Pilot cancels IFR and is NOT closing FP/FI

A
  • Advise the ACC who will discontinue IFR separation, but continue IFR alerting service until the aircraft closes its IFR flight plan or itinerary.
49
Q

If its transponder fails in flight, an aircraft may continue to operate in transponder airspace to …. and …. to complete a planned flight schedule or to proceed to a repair base

A

the next point of intended landing without ATC authorization

thereafter in accordance with an ATC clearance (written request filed with an ATC unit/ other flight plan office)

50
Q

IFR Departure vs arrival, automatic control

When will you get validation?
Who is responsible for runway separation?

A

The ACC controller will validate the departure, given that the arrival will be under the tower’s control at the point of automatic control transfer → the tower controller will be responsible for runway separation.

51
Q

It may be necessary to change an active runway for the following reasons:

A
  • Wind
  • Runway obstruction
  • Runway condition
  • Weather conditions
  • NAVAID (NAVAID serving the active runway may be unserviceable/ the instrument approach serving another runway could offer better minima)
  • Noise abatement
52
Q

Phraseology for point out

A
  • Position
  • Aircraft call sign
  • Track & Altitude
  • Simulated approach
  • Other data, as required

POINT OUT
FOUR MILES WEST OF MARCH AIRPORT, GRJA, PA31 AT 2800, OUTBOUND FOR THE SIMULATED ILS RUNWAY ZERO-NINE APPROACH.

53
Q

Simulated approach reporting point can be:

A
  • Procedure turn completed or inbound:
  • At the final path interception
  • Over the FAF
    (REPORT BODET NDB FINAL/REPORT MARCH NDB INBOUND)
54
Q

If a VFR aircraft outside the control zone or TRA requests navigational assistance, you may …

If further assistance is required or if the pilot declares an emergency, ….

A

identify the aircraft and provide position information relative to the airport or other location

coordinate with the ACC.

55
Q

Aircraft qualify for code 88 when:
Question 7

A

B
Aircraft outside TRA calls you to activate/ close flight plan

56
Q

If the PPS or data tag for a particular aircraft is not displayed as expected:

A
  • Instruct the pilot to reset the transponder, stating the currently assigned code.
  • If resetting the transponder does not resolve the problem, assign a different code.
57
Q

You may assist a controller responsible for a position, provided one of the following conditions is met:

A
  • The responsible controller asks for assistance and specifies the assistance required.
  • You inform the responsible controller of the assistance you will be providing and receive approval.
58
Q

You may suggest or approve a request for another runway, provided:

A
  • You or the aircraft gain an operational advantage.
  • You clearly indicate the wind direction and speed to the pilot.
59
Q

Can IFR aircraft do simulated IFR approach?

A

No

60
Q

What code do you use for simulated approach?

A

99

61
Q

If wind is displayed 150 at 10 can you assign runway 32?

A

No

62
Q

What is ultralight considered as in wake categories?

A

Light

63
Q

If the ATIS message cannot be kept current due to rapidly changing conditions, ….

A

record a message that all or part of the information will be issued by the unit

Test 3 (1 decks)

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