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A&P II FINAL > REVIEW > Flashcards

REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

THE MAIN SITE OF GAS EXCHANGE IS THE

A

ALVEOLI

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2
Q

THE WALLS OF THE ALVEOLI ARE COMPOSED OF TWO TYPES OF CELLS, TYPE I AND II. THE FUNCTION OF TYPE II IS TO

A

SECRETE SURFACTANT

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3
Q

AIR MOVES OUT OF THE LUNGS WHEN THE PRESSURE INSIDE THE LUNGS IS

A

GREATER THAN THE PRESSURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE

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4
Q

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GAS PRESSURE AND GAS VOLUME IS CALLED

A

BOYLE’S LAW

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5
Q

IN A MIXTURE OF GASES, THE TOTAL PRESSURE IS THE SUM OF THE INDIVIDUAL PARTIAL PRESSURES OF GASES IN THE MIXTURE IS CALLED

A

DALTON’S LAW

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6
Q

SURFACTANT HELPS TO PREVENT THE ALVEOLI FROM COLLAPSING BY

A

INTERFERING WITH THE COHESIVENESS OF WATER MOLECULES, THEREBY REDUCING THE SURFACE TENSION OF ALVEOLAR FLUID

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7
Q

WITH THE BOHR EFFECT, MORE OXYGEN IS RELEASED BECAUSE

A

DECREASE IN PH (ACIDOSIS) WEAKENS THE HEMOGLOBIN-OXYGEN BOND

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8
Q

THE MOST POWERFUL RESPIRATORY STIMULUS FOR BREATHING IN A HEALTHY PERSON IS

A

INCREASE IN CARBON DIOXIODE

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9
Q

THE LOCAL MATCHING OF BLOOD FLOW WITH VENTILATION IS

A

VENTILATION-PERFUSION COUPLING

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10
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT NECESSARY TO SUPPLY THE BODY WITH O2 AND DISPOSE OF CO2

A

BLOOD PH ADJUSTMENT

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11
Q

THE AMOUNT OF AIR THAT CAN BE INSPIRED ABOVE THE TIDAL VOLUME IS CALLED

A

INSPIRATORY RESERVE

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12
Q

O2 AND CO2 ARE EXCHANGED IN THE LUNGS AND THROUGH ALL CELL MEMBRANES BY

A

DIFFUSION

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13
Q

THE URINARY BLADDER IS COMPOSED OF

A

TRANSITIONAL EPITHEILUM

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14
Q

THE FATTY TISSUE SURROUNDING THE KIDNEYS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE IT

A

STABILIZES THE POSITION OF THE KIDNEYS BY HOLDING THEM IN THEIR NORMAL POSITION

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15
Q

THE RENAL CORPUSCLE IS MADE UP OF

A

BOWMAN’S CAPSULE AND GLOMERULUS

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16
Q

THE FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL UNIT OF THE KIDNEYS IS THE

A

NEPHRON

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17
Q

THE CHIEF FORCE PUSHING WATER AND SOLUTES OUT OF THE BLOOD ACROSS THE FILTRATION MEMBRANE IS

A

GLOMERULAR HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE (GLOMERULAR BLOOD PRESSURE)

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18
Q

ALCOHOL ACTS AS DIURETIC BECAUSE IT

A

INHIBITS THE RELEASE OF ADH

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19
Q

FORMATION OF URINE TO ITS ELIMINATION FROM THE BODY

A

NEPHRON, COLLECTING DUCTS, MINOR CALYX, MAJOR CALYX, URETER, URETHRA

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20
Q

A GLOMERULUS IS

A

A KNOT OF CAPILLARIES WITHIN THE RENAL CORPUSCLE

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21
Q

URINE IS CARRIED TO THE URINARY BLADDER BY

A

THE URETERS

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22
Q

KIDNEYS:

A

LOCATED IN A POSITION THAT IS RETROPERITONEAL
SURROUNDED BY A FIBROUS CAPSULE
HELD IN PLACE BY THE RENAL FASCIA
COVERED BY PERITONEUM

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23
Q

THE PROMINENT INDENTATION ON THE MEDIAL SURFACE OF THE KIDNEY IS THE

A

HILUM

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24
Q

THE CAVITY OF THE KIDNEY THAT RECEIVES URINE FROM THE CALYCES IS CALLED THE

A

RENAL PELVIS

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25
Q

TRIANGULAR OR CONICAL STRUCTURES LOCATED IN THE RENAL MEDULLA ARE CALLED

A

PYRAMIDS

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26
Q

BLOOD LEAVES THE GLOMERULUS THROUGH A BLOOD VESSEL CALLED THE

A

EFFERENT ARTERIOLE

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27
Q

CAPILLARIES THAT SURROUND THE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULES ARE

A

PERITTUBULAR CAPILLARIES

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28
Q

THE FILTRATION OF PLASMA TAKES PLACE IN THE

A

RENAL CORPUSCLE

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29
Q

FILTRATE FIRST PASSES FROM THE GLOMERULAR CAPSULE TO THE

A

PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

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30
Q

THE PORTION OF THE NEPHRON THAT EMPTIES INTO THE COLLECTING DUCT IS THE

A

DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE

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31
Q

BLOOD COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE IN THE GLOMERULUS IS GENERATED BY

A

PRESENCE OF ALBUMIN PROTEINS IN BLOOD PLASMA

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32
Q

THE MAIN FORCE THAT CAUSES FILTRATION IN A NEPHRON IS

A

GLOMERULAR HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

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33
Q

THE BODY’S WATER VOLUME IS CLOSELY TIED TO THE LEVEL OF

A

SODIUM IONS

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34
Q

WHICH HORMONE IS IMPORTANT IN THE THE REGULATION OF SODIUM ION CONCENTRATION IN EXTRACELLULAR FLUID

A

ALDOSTERONE

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35
Q

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS CAN OCCUR WHEN

A

A PERSON’S BREATHING IS SHALLOW DUE TO OBSTRUCTION

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36
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE DISTRIBUTION OF SODIUM AND POTASSIUM BETWEEN CELLS AND BODY FLUIDS

A

K+ MAINLY IN THE CELS, NA+ IN THE BODY FLUIDS

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37
Q

A FAILING BLOOD PH AND A RISING PARTIAL PRESSURE OF CARBON DIOXIDE DUE TO PNEUMONIA OR EMPHYSEMA INDICATES

A

RESPIRATORY ACIDOSIS

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38
Q

THE MOVEMENT OF FLUIDS BETWEEN CELLULAR COMPARTMENTS

A

IS REGULATED BY OSMOTIC AND HYDROSTATIC FORCES

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39
Q

CHEMICAL BUFFER SYSTEMS

A

BIOCARBONATE
PHOSPHATE
PROTEIN

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40
Q

HORMONE IMPORTANT IN STIMULATING WATER CONSERVATION IN THE KIDNEYS

A

ADH

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41
Q

A PATIENT IS BREATHING SLOWLY AND BLOOD PH ANALYSIS INDICATES AN ABNORMALLY HIGH PH VALUE

A

METABOLIC ALKALOSIS

42
Q

BLOOD ANALYSIS INDICATES A LOW PH AND THE PATIENT IS BREATHING RAPIDLY

A

METABOLIC ACIDOSIS

43
Q

THE MOST IMPORTANT FORCE CAUSING WATER FLOW ACROSS CAPILLARY WALL IS

A

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE OF CAPILLARY BLOOD

44
Q

HOW DOES THE DARTOS AND CREMASTER MUSCLES PLAY A ROLE IN THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A

THEY REGULATE THE TEMPERATURE OF THE TESTES

45
Q

GLAND RESPONSIBLE FOR 60% OF THE SYNTHESIS OF SEMEN

A

THE SEMINAL VESICLES

46
Q

A LOW SECRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN A NORMAL MALE ADULT WOULD CAUSE

A

DECREASED TESTOSTERONE

47
Q

THE TESTICULAR CELLS THAT CONSTRUCT THE BLOOD-TESTIS BARRIER ARE THE

A

SUSTENTOCYTES

48
Q

THE DUCT SYSTEM OF THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDES

A

EPIDIDYMIS
URETHRA
DUCTUS DEFERENS

49
Q

THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

A

PRODUCES, STORES, TRANSPORTS, AND NOURISHES GAMETES

50
Q

HOW DO SPERM PASS FROM TESTIS TO THE URETHRAL MEATUS

A

EPIDIDYMIS, DUCTUS DEFERENS, URETHRA, EJACULATORY DUCT

51
Q

THE ORGAN THAT CARRIES SPERM FROM THE EPIDIDYMIS TO THE URETHRA IS THE

A

DUCTUS DEFERENS (VAS DEFERENS)

52
Q

THE DENSE LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT SURROUNDS THE TESTIS IS CALLED THE

A

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

53
Q

SPERM PRODUCTION OCCURS IN THE

A

SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES

54
Q

THE ORGAN THAT SURROUNDS THE URETHRA AND PRODUCES AN ALKALINE SECRETION IS THE

A

PROSTATE GLAND

55
Q

THE FOLD OF SKIN THAT COVERS THE GLANS PENIS IS THE

A

CORPUS CAVERNOSUM

56
Q

THE PRIMARY FUNCTION OF THE UTERUS IS TO

A

RECEIVE, RETAIN AND NOURISH A FERTILIZED OVUM

57
Q

THE STRUCTURE THAT RECEIVE THE OVULATED OOCYTE AND PROVIDES A SITE FOR FERTILIZATION IS

A

FALLOPIAN TUBES

58
Q

HUMAN EGGS AND SPERM ARE SIMILAR IN THAT

A

THEY HAVE THE SAME # OF CHROMOSOMES

59
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING FEMALE STRUCTURES IS THE SAME AS MALE SCROTUM

A

LABIA MAJORA

60
Q

WHICH HORMONE IS ABSOLUTELY NECESSARY FOR OVULATION TO OCCUR

A

LH

61
Q

UTERINE TUBES

A

THE INFUNDIBULUM IS THE FUNNEL SHAPED REGION NEAR THE OVARY

62
Q

THE SPECIAL TYPE OF CELL DIVISION REQUIRED TO PRODUCE GAMETES IS CALLED

A

MEIOSIS

63
Q

THE INFERIOR ONE THRID PORTION OF THE UTERUS THAT PROJECTS INTO THE VAGINA IS THE

A

CERVIX

64
Q

THE THICK MUSCULAR LAYER OF THE UTERUS IS THE

A

MYOMETRIUM

65
Q

THE ORGAN THAT TRANSPORTS THE OVUM TO THE UTERUS IS THE

A

UTERINE FALOPIAN TUBE

66
Q

PROTECTION AND SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPING EMBRYO IS

A

UTERUS

67
Q

THE VAGINA IS

A

A MUSCULAR TUBE EXTENDING BETWEEN THE UTERUS AND THE EXTERNAL GENITALIA

68
Q

THE VULVA INCLUDES

A

MONS PUBIS
LABIA MINORA AND MAJORA
CLITORIS

69
Q

HORMONES

A

ARE CHEMICAL MESSENGERS THAT ARE RELEASED BY CELLS AND TRANSPORTED IN THE BLOODSTREAM

70
Q

THE HYPOTHALAMUS ACTS AS BOTH A NEURAL AND

A

ENDOCRINE ORGAN

71
Q

HORMONES CAN BE

A

PEPTIDES
STEROIDS
EICOSANDOIDS
AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES

72
Q

ALL TARGET CELLS

A

HAVE HORMONE RECEPTORS

73
Q

PRIMARY FUNCTION OF ADH

A

DECREASE THE AMOUNT OF WATER LOST IN THE KIDNEYS

74
Q

THE POSTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND SECRETES

A

ADH

75
Q

FUNCTION OF BLOOD

A

TRANSPORT:
NUTRIENTS AND WASTE
BODY HEAT
GASES
DEFENSE AGAINS TOXIN AND PATHOGENS

76
Q

THE MOST ABUNDANT PROTEINS IN BLOOD PLASMA ARE

A

ALBUMIN

77
Q

THE AVERAGE LIFE SPAN OF A RED BLOOD CELL IS

A

4 MONTHS

78
Q

EACH HEME RING IN HEMOGLOBIN ENCLOSES AN ATOM OF

A

IRON

79
Q

ALL ADULT RBC’S ORIGINATE IN THE

A

RED BONE MARROW

80
Q

IN ADULTS, ERYTHROPOIESIS EXCLUSIVELY TAKES PLACE IN

A

RED BONE MARROW

81
Q

THE PROCESS OF RED BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION IS CALLED

A

ERYTHROPOIESIS

82
Q

ARTERY IS TO___ AS VEIN IS TO___

A

EFFERENT, AFFERENT

83
Q

BLOOD LEAVES THE RIGHT VENTRICLE BY PASSING THROUGH THE

A

PULMONARY VALVE

84
Q

BLOOD RETURNING TO THE HEART FROM THE SYSTEMIC CIRCUIT FIRST ENTERS THE

A

RIGHT ATRIUM

85
Q

BLOOD RETURNING TO THE HEART FROM THE PULMONARY CIRCUIT FIRST ENTER THE

A

LEFT ATRIUM

86
Q

THE CUSPS OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR VALVES ATTACH DIRECTLY TO

A

CHORDEA TENINEAE

87
Q

THE LEFT VENTRICLE PUMPS BLOOD TO THE

A

AORTA

88
Q

BLOOD FLOWING INTO THE HEART FROM THE VENAE CAVAE FLOWS NEXT THROUGH THE ___ VALVE

A

TRICUSPID

89
Q

THE ___ VALVE PREVENTS BACKWARD FLOW INTO THE LEFT ATRIUM

A

BICUSPID

90
Q

CORRECT ORDER FOR THE FLOW OF BLOOD ENTERING FROM THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

A

VENAE CAVAE, RIGHT ATRIUM, RIGHT VENTRICLE, PULMONARY TRUNK, PULMONARY VEINS, LEFT ATRIUM, LEFT VENTRICLE, AORTA

91
Q

CORRECT ORDER FOR THE EXCITATION WOULD MOVE

A

SA NODE, AV NODE, AV BUNDLE, BUNDLE BRANCHES, PURKINJE FIBERS

92
Q

DEPOLARIZATION OF THE VENTRICLES IS REPRESENTED ON AN ELECTROCARDIOGRAM BY THE

A

QRS COMPLEX

93
Q

THE T WAVE ON ECG TRACING REPRESENTS

A

VENTRICULAR REPOLARIZATION

94
Q

WITH EACH VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE

A

BLOOD PRESSURE INCREASES

95
Q

AFTER BLOOD LEAVES THE CAPILLARIES, IT ENTERS THE

A

VENULES

96
Q

BLOOD PRESSURE IS LOWEST IN THE

A

VEINS

97
Q

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING AFFECTS BLOOD FLOW THROUGH THE BODY

A

BLOOD VISCOSITY
TURBULENCE
VASCULAR RESISTANCE
VESSEL DIAMETER

98
Q

CELLS DIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR CELLULAR IMMUNITY ARE THE

A

CYTOTOXIC T

99
Q

STEM CELLS THAT CAN FORM ALL TYPES OF LYMPHOCYTES ARE CONCENTRATED IN THE

A

RED BLONE MARROW

100
Q

IMMUNITY THAT IS GENETICALLY DETERMINED AND PRESENT AT BIRTH IS CALLED

A

INNATE

101
Q

DEFENSE OF BODY AGAINST A PARTICULAR PATHOGEN IS PROVIDED BY

A

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY

102
Q

CORRECT SEQUENCE FOR CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNE RESPONSE

A

-ANTIGEN IS ENGULFED AND PRESENTED BY A MACROPHAGE
-T CELLS WITH SPECIFIC RECEPTORS RECOGNIZE THE ANTIGEN
-SEVERAL CYCEL OF MITOSIS OCCUR
-T CELLS DIFFERENTIATE INTO CYTOTOXIC T CELLS OR T MEMORY CELLS
-CYTOTOXIC T CELLS MIGRATE TO FOCUS ON INFECTION
-CYTOTOXIC T CELLS RELEASE PERFORIN AND/OR LYMPHOTXIN

A&P II FINAL (1 decks)

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