Review Flashcards

1
Q

Having resources, information, and attitudes that lead to action to achieve a desired goal

A

Empowerment

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2
Q

The creative process of developing your ideas

A

Invention

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3
Q

How the speech is organized

A

Arrangement

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4
Q

Your choice of words

A

Style

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5
Q

The extent to which you use notes or rely on your memory to share your ideas

A

Memory

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6
Q

The nonverbal expression of your message

A

Delivery

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7
Q

The delivery of an already famous speech

A

Declamation

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8
Q

The expression of emotion through posture, movement, gesture, facial expressions, and voice

A

Elocution

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9
Q

What is the central concept of the speech making process model?

A

To consider the audience during your speech. At any point during your speech you may learn something new about the audience and may need to revise your speech.

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10
Q

An example of a topic:

A

British TV shows that inspired American TV shows

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11
Q

An example of a general purpose:

A

To inform

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12
Q

An example of a specific purpose:

A

At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to identify three classic British TV shows that inspired American versions

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13
Q

An example of a specific purpose:

A

At the end of my speech, the audience will be able to identify three classic British TV shows that inspired American versions

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14
Q

An example of a central idea:

A

The Office, Antiques Roadshows, and Undercover Bass began as British TV programs that have become successful American TV shows.

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15
Q

Which amendment to the United States Constitution protects free speech?

A

First Amendment

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16
Q

The beliefs, values, and moral principles by which people determine what is right or wrong

A

Ethics

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17
Q

Three criteria for speaking ethically:

A
  1. Have a clear responsible goal
  2. Use sound evidence and reasoning
  3. Be sensitive to and tolerant of differences, be honest, do not plagiarize
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18
Q

The spoken presentation of source information, including the author, title, and year of publication

A

Oral citation

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19
Q

The print presentation of source information, including the author, title, and year of publication, usually formatted according to a conventional style guide

A

Written citation

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20
Q

Five listening components of a good listener:

A
  1. Selecting
  2. Attending
  3. Understanding
  4. Remembering
  5. Responding
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21
Q

To single out a message from several competing messages

A

Selecting

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22
Q

To focus on incoming information for further processing

A

Attending

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23
Q

To assign meaning to the information to which you attend

A

Understanding

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24
Q

To recall ideas and information

A

Remembering

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25
Q

To react with a chance in behavior to a speakers message

A

Responding

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26
Q

Describe three ways to become a better listener:

A
  1. Listen with your eyes as well as your ears
  2. Listen mindfully
  3. Listen skillfully
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27
Q

Someone who is comfortable listening to others express feelings and emotions

A

Relational-oriented listener

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28
Q

Someone who prefers information that is well organized, brief, and precise

A

Task-orented listener

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29
Q

Someone who prefers messages that are supported with facts and details

A

Analytical listeners

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30
Q

Someone who prefers to evaluate messages

A

Critical listeners

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31
Q

What are the three metrics of effective feedback?

A

Rhetorical criticism, rhetoric, symbols

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32
Q

Statistical information on population characteristics such as age, race, gender, sexual orientation, educational level, and religious views

A

Audience demographics

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33
Q

What is the difference between an open-ended and a close-ended question?

A

Getting information formally requires that you develop a carefully written survey or questionnaire. Informal is relying on inferences drawn from causal observations and conversations with other.

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34
Q

Questions that allow for unrestricted answers by not limiting answers to choices or alternatives

A

Open ended questions

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35
Q

Questions that offer alternatives from which to choose, such as true or false, agree or disagree, or multiple choice

A

Close ended questions

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36
Q

Give an open ended question example and a close ended question example:

A

Open ended: What are your feelings about having high school health clinics dispense birth-control pills?

Close ended: Are you in favor of school-based health clinics dispensing birth-control pills to high school students? Yes or no

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37
Q

The culturally constructed and psychologically based perception of ones self as feminine or masculine

A

Gender

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38
Q

A persons biological status of male or female, as reflected in his or her anatomy and reproductive system

A

Sex

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39
Q

A learned system of knowledge, behavior, attitudes, beliefs, values, and norms shared by a group of people

A

Culture

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40
Q

The portion of a persons cultural background that incudes such factors as nationality, religion, language, and ancestral heritage, which are shared by a group of people who also share a common geographic origin

A

Ethnicity

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41
Q

A group of people with a common cultural history, nationality, or geographical location, as well as genetically transmitted physical characteristics

A

Race

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42
Q

The assumption that ones own cultural perspectives and methods are superior to those of other cultures

A

Ethnocentrism

43
Q

What are the three components of Socio-economic status?

A

Income, occupation, education

44
Q

What are the three components of psychological audience analysis?

A

Attitude, belief, value

45
Q

An individuals perception of what is true or false

A

Attitude

46
Q

An individuals perception of what is true or false

A

Belief

47
Q

Enduring concept of good and bad, right and wrong

A

Value

48
Q

What are three of the four components of situational audience analysis?

A

Time, size of audience, location

49
Q

What to do if your audience seems inattentive or bored

A

Tell a story

50
Q

What to do if your audience seems confused or doesn’t seem to understand your point

A

Phrase your information in a different way

51
Q

If your audience seems to be disagreeing with your message

A

Provide additional evidence to support your point

52
Q

What are the six types of presentation aids?

A

Images, text, video, audio, objects and models, people

53
Q

What are the two guidelines about how to use computer-generated presentation aids?

A
  1. Identify practical applications of your message
  2. Maintain a conversational delivery
54
Q

What are the four guidelines for using presentation aids?

A
  1. Keep them simple
    2.select the right presentation aid
  2. Do not use dangerous or illegal presentation aids
  3. Allow plenty of time to prepare your presentation aids
55
Q

The term Aristotle used to refer to a speakers credibility

A

Ethos

56
Q

The term Aristotle used to refer to logic

A

Logos

57
Q

The term Aristotle used to appeal to human emotion

A

Pathos

58
Q

Persuasion that occurs when audience members critically examine evidence and argument

A

Direct persuasion

59
Q

Persuasion that occurs as a result of factors peripheral to a speakers logic argument

A

Indirect persuasion

60
Q

What are physiological needs?

A

Most basic needs, we all have things like this that need to be met

61
Q

What are safety needs?

A

We all need to feel loved and valued

62
Q

What are social needs?

A

We all need to feel loved and valued

63
Q

What are self-esteem needs?

A

We have a desire to think well of ourselves

64
Q

What are self-actualization needs?

A

The need to achieve one’s highest potential

65
Q

What is it when listeners disagree with the speaker?

A

Latitude of rejection

66
Q

When listeners are uncommitted or not sure how to respond

A

Latitude of non commitment

67
Q

Listeners agree with the speakers

A

Latitude of acceptance

68
Q

Knowing what the audience members view as desirable, good, and virtuous

A

Positive emotion

69
Q

Seeking to motivate or persuade by threatening harm or danger unless action is taken to reduce the harm or danger

A

Negative emotion

70
Q

A proposition focusing on whether something is true or false or whether it did or did not happen

A

Proposition of fact

71
Q

A proposition calling for the listener to judge the worth or importance of something

A

Proposition of value

72
Q

A proposition advocating a charge in a police, procedure, or behavior

A

Proposition of policy

73
Q

Two elements to consider when selecting reasons and evidence to support your speech:

A

Competence, trustworthiness

74
Q

Making a claim based on little evidence.

A

Hasty generalization

75
Q

A link between premises and conclusion that depends on some imagined casual connection

A

False cause

76
Q

A conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement

A

Non-sequitur

77
Q

A claim that something is true because everyone believes it

A

Bandwagon

78
Q

When irrelevant information is presented alongside reveled to information, distracting attention from the relevant information

A

Red herring

79
Q

An argument that relies on the statement of a false authority figure, who is framed as a credible authority on the topic being discussed

A

False or misplaced authority

80
Q

When it is attempted to make something appear simpler by ignoring certain relevant complexities

A

Oversimplification

81
Q

When an arguments premises assume the truth of the conclusion instead of supporting it

A

Begging the question

82
Q

An argument is constructed so as to imply the necessity of choosing one of only two alternatives

A

Either-or

83
Q

When someone attacks the person instead of attacking his or her argument

A

Ad hominem

84
Q

The impression of a speakers credibility that listeners have before the speaker starts a speech

A

Initial credibility

85
Q

The perception of a speakers credibility that is formed during a speech

A

Terminal credibility

86
Q

The final impression listeners have of a speakers credibility after a speech concludes

A

Derived credibility

87
Q

Two examples of how you can establish credibility with your audience:

A
  1. Make a good first impression
  2. Establish common ground with your audience
88
Q

Erasing that uses specific instances or examples to reach a general, probable conclusion

A

Inductive reasoning

89
Q

Reasoning that moves from a general statement of principle to a specific, certain conclusion

A

Deductive reasoning

90
Q

A three-part argument that consists of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion

A

Syllogism

91
Q

Explain the three parts of syllogism:

A
  1. Major premise- a general statement
  2. Minor premise- a specific statement about an example that is linked to the major premise
  3. Conclusion- the logical outcome of a deductive argument
92
Q

A speaker who gains control over others by using unethical emotional pleas and appeals to listeners prejudices

A

Demagogue

93
Q

The sense of mental discomfort that prompts a person to change when new information conflicts with previously organized thought patterns

A

Cognitive dissonance

94
Q

A speech that serves as information to the audience about the main speaker.

A

Speech of introduction

95
Q

A speech that gives information to the audience about a nominee.

A

Speech of nomination

96
Q

A speech that accompanies giving an award

A

Award presentation

97
Q

Speech given by anyone who receives an award

A

Speech of acceptance

98
Q

A brief salute to an occasion

A

Toast

99
Q

Ridiculing or criticizing someone to honor them

A

Roast

100
Q

Type of speech given when someone has died.

A

Eulogy

101
Q

Given at a graduation or commencement ceremony

A

Commencement address

102
Q

A speech given to celebrate some past even, usually included is a tribute to the person involved

A

Commemorative address

103
Q

A speech given at the beginning of a meeting or conference.

A

Keynote address

104
Q

Have funny subjects or humorous treatments of more serious subjects.

A

Humorous speech/ speech to entertain