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Chapter 3 & 4 Exam Review > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

cube-shaped

A

Kidney Tubule Cells

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2
Q

biconcave disc

A

Red Blood Cells

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3
Q

cellular eating

A

Phagocytosis

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4
Q

cellular drinking

A

Pinocytosis

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5
Q

cellular uptake of large substances from external environment (phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis)

A

Endocytosis

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6
Q

movement of small ions or molecules through water filled protein (channels specific for one ion type)

A

Channel-mediated diffusion

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7
Q

transport protein required for movement of ions or polar molecules

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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8
Q

no transport protein required for movement of small, non polar molecules

A

Simple Diffusion

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9
Q

movement of ions or molecules from areas of high to low concentration

A

Diffusion

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10
Q
  • requires energy
  • substance must be moved up its concentration gradient (active transport)
    -membrane-bound vesicle must be released (vesicular transport)
A

Active Process

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11
Q

irregular-shaped

A

Nerve Cells

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12
Q

study of cells

A

Cytology

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13
Q

large substances secreted from cell

A

Exocytosis

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14
Q
  • also called bulk transport
  • involves energy input to transport large substances using a vesicle
A

Vesicular Transport

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15
Q

uses energy directly from breakdown of ATP

A

Primary Active Transport

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16
Q

ion or small molecule moved against its concentration gradient

A

Active Transport

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17
Q

cell shrinks

A

Crenation

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18
Q

balloon with 2 tails

A

Phospholipids

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19
Q
  • cytosol stores temporarily
  • molecules added to and removed from continuously
A

Inclusions

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20
Q

is the capacity to do work

A

Energy

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21
Q

energy of position or stored energy

A

Potential Energy

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22
Q

energy of motion

A

Kinetic Energy

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23
Q

energy stored in a molecules chemical bonds, released when bonds are broken

A

Chemical Energy

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24
Q

molecules that function in chemical energy storage

A
  1. Triglycerides
  2. Glucose
  3. ATP
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25
Q

First Law: energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only change in form
Second Law: when energy is transformed, some energy is lost to heat

A

Thermodynamics

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26
Q

structure that gains an electron

A

Reduced/Reduction

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27
Q

structure that loses an electron

A

Oxidized/Oxidation

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28
Q
  • groups exchanged between two chemical structures
  • has both decomposition and synthesis components
    AB + C –> A + BC
A

Exchange Reaction

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29
Q
  • two or more structures commanded to form a larger structure
  • also referred to as anabolism or anabolic reaction
    A + B –> AB
A

Synthesis Reaction

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30
Q
  • initial large molecules broken down into smaller structures
  • in the body it is also referred to as catabolism or catabolic reaction
    AB –> A + B
A

Decomposition Reaction

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31
Q
  • substances formed by the reaction
  • written on right of equation
A

Products

32
Q
  • substances prior to start of a chemical equation
  • written on left side of equation
A

Reactants

33
Q

expressed as chemical equation

A
  1. Reactants
  2. Products
34
Q

occur when chemical bonds in existing molecular structures are broken (new bonds formed)

A

Chemical Reactions

35
Q
  • does not require energy
  • depends on substances moving down concentration gradient
  • two types: diffusion & osmosis
A

Passive Process

36
Q

process of obtaining and eliminating substance across the plasma membrane

A

Membrane Transport

37
Q
  • there is more solutes outside the cell then inside
  • water will move more out of the cell
  • the cell will shrivel
A

Hypertonic Solution

38
Q
  • there is more solutes inside the cell than outside
  • water will move more into the cell
  • the cell will enlarge
A

Hypotonic Solution

39
Q

regulate movement of substances across membrane

A

Transport Proteins

40
Q
  • equal amount of solutes inside and outside of cell
  • movement of water in and out will be equal
  • the cell will remain the same
A

Isotonic Solution

41
Q

pressure exerted by fluid on the inside wall of its container

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

42
Q

pressure exerted by movement of water across semipermeable membrane

A

Osmotic Pressure

43
Q
  • not embedded in lipid bilayer
  • loosely attached to external or interior surfaces of membrane
A

Peripheral Proteins

44
Q

embedded within, and extended across, phospholipid bilayer

A

Integral Proteins

45
Q
  • lipids with attached carbohydrate groups
  • located on outer phospholipid region only
A

Glycolipids

46
Q

all biochemical reactions in living organism

A

Metabolism

47
Q

cell division in sex cells

A

Meiosis

48
Q

four ring lipid molecule scatter within phospholipid bilayer

A

Cholesterol

49
Q
  • basic structure of the framework
  • also known as plasma membrane
A

Phospholipid Bilayer

50
Q
  • not enclosed within a membrane
  • composed of protein
  • includes: ribosomes, cytoskeleton, centrosome, proteasomes
A

Non-Membrane-Bound Organelles

51
Q
  • enclosed by a membrane
  • separates content from cytosol
  • includes: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, mitochondria
A

Membrane-Bound Organelles

52
Q
  • complex, organized structures within cells
  • membrane bound and non membrane bound
A

Organelles

53
Q

viscous fluid of cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

54
Q
  • cellular contents between plasma membrane and nucleus
  • includes: cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
A

Cytoplasm

55
Q

largest structure in cell enclosed by a nuclear envelope (contains DNA)

A

Nucleus

56
Q

cell division that occurs in somatic cells

A

Mitosis

57
Q
  • synthesis, transport, and storage of lipids
  • carbohydrate metabolism
  • detoxification of drugs and poisons
A

Smooth ER

58
Q

a membraneous organelle that has a large surface area covered in ribosomes

A

Rough ER

59
Q
  • small, membraneous sacs
  • contain digestive enzymes formed by Golgi apparatus
A

Lysosomes

60
Q

modification, packaging, and sorting of proteins

A

Golgi Apparatus

61
Q
  • helps the cell increase surface size
  • allows for more proteins
A

Microvilli

62
Q

the tail moves the cell (sperm)

A

Flagella

63
Q
  • forms outer, limiting barrier separating internal contents from external environment
  • cilia, flagellum, microvilli
A

Plasma Membrane

64
Q

cylindrical

A

Skeletal Muscle Cells

65
Q

spherical

A

Cartilage Cells

66
Q

hair like projections that moves substances out of the way for the cell

A

Cilia

67
Q
  • extends throughout cell interior, anchor proteins in membrane
  • plays roles in:
    > intracellular support
    > organization of organelles
    > cell division
    > movement of materials
A

Cytoskeleton

68
Q
  • arranged into large and small subunit
  • made within nucleolus and assembled in cytoplasm
A

Ribosomes

69
Q

movement of water through a semipermeable membrane

A

Osmosis

70
Q

small polar molecules assisted across membrane by carrier protein

A

Carrier Mediated Diffusion

71
Q
  • usually closed
  • opens in response to stimulus for fraction of second
A

Gated Channel

72
Q
  • powerhouse of cell
  • oblong shaped organelles with double membrane
A

Mitochondria

73
Q

receptor required

A

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

74
Q

continuously open

A

Leak Channels

75
Q

column-shaped

A

Intestinal lining Cells

Chapter 3 & 4 Exam Review (1 decks)

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