Review Flashcards
What is the Bloom and Lahey Model?
Shows you how a child’s expressive language progresses as the child gets older in 8 stages.
What did Bloom and Lahey divide language into?
3 separate but connected parts: form, content, and use
What is form?
grammar which includes the shape and structure of language; it consists of morphology, phonology, and syntax
What is content?
vocabulary and semantics
What is use?
pragmatics, social communication
What is additive language and when does it occur?
when a child’s language expresses the joining of two events, objects, or states without either thing depending on each other; this occur in stages 5-6 of Bloom and Lahey’s model when the child is 3-4 years old.
What is causal language and when does it occur?
when a child’s language expresses cause-effect relationships; this is when one event depends on another event. This occurs in stages 5-6 of Bloom and Lahey’s model when the child is 3-4 years old
What is specification and when does it occur?
when a child’s language expresses a certain person, object, or event using this, the, and that. Occurs in stages 5-6 of Bloom and Lahey’s model when the child is 3-4 years old.
What is dative language and when does it occur?
When a child’s language expresses that something or someone is receiving an object or an action; they may or may not use the prepositions for or to. This occurs in stages 5-6 of Bloom and Lahey’s model when the child is 3-4 years old.
What is an example of additive language?
I eat here. You eat there.
What is an example of causal language?
Don’t eat! It’s hot.
What is an example of specification?
This man took my cookie.
What is an example of dative language?
He made it for me.
What does it mean when a child’s language is described as epistemic?
A child uses words like “think” and “know” to refer to a relationship between two people, things, or states.
At what age is a child’s language expression epistemic, adversative, and communicative?
4-5 years old.
What does it mean when a child’s language is described as adversative?
a child uses the word “but” to contrast two events or states of being. Example: This food is hot, but this cup is cold
What does it mean when a child’s language expresses communication?
They use words about communicating such as like, say, ask, and tell. Example: Mommy tells daddy to play dolls with me.
At 4 to 5 years old, what does a child’s language express?
epistemic, adversative, and communication
What does it mean when a child’s language is epistemic?
Child’s language expresses that they know something; they point out a relationship between two states or affairs using words such as “know”, “think”, or “remember”. For example, “I know that mommy goes to bed at 8.”
What does it mean when a child’s language is adversative?
A child’s language express difference between two states or events using the word but. For example, this cat is brown, but this cat is black.
What does it mean when a child’s language is communication?
Child express instances or activities where communication has occurred using words such as like say, ask, and tell. For example, My daddy tells me to behave in school.
What is Bloom and Lahey’s definition of context?
How people comprehend and pick from different linguistic forms to reach the same goal.
What is Bloom and Lahey’s definition of semantics?
when one realizes that words have several meanings and can be used in different sentences yet have different implications.
What is the innateness hypothesis?
children innately know universal grammar; so they just need to learn grammar of a particular languege.
What argument can be made for the innateness hypothesis?
Children seem to know more about language than what they are exposed to; this is called the poverty of the stimulus
What is the first stage of language development in children?
The child’s brain is prepared to acquire language; its human ear begins to work in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy so they respond to all kinds of sounds. They can discriminate between their mom’s voice and other sounds too.
What is the second stage of language development in children? What is a fact about this stage
babbling; babbling is universal until 8 months, when children begin to say sounds that are unique to their language
When does a child babble?
typically at 7 months old
What sounds does a child usually say at 7 mo old?
i,u,a,m,b,g, and d
What are the three phrases of babbling that a child experiences?
One consonant and vowel at a time; reduplicative babbling; nonreduplicative babbling
What is an example of reduplicative babbling?
Da-da-da-da
What is an example of one consonant and vowel at a time?
ma, da, du, bi
What is an example of non-reduplicative babbling?
ba-du
What stage follows the babbling stage?
one word stage also known as the holophrastic stage
When does the holophrastic stage occur?
when the child is 1-1.5 years old
What happens during the holophrastic stage?
child says one word to express emotions, requests, and identification of objects. They also say real words from their native language. They use pointing too.
What is the fourth stage of language development in children?
two word stage
When does the fourth stage of language development occur?
1.5-2 years old
What happens during the fourth stage of language development in children?
Child begins to use intonation when speaking; they recognize the syntax in their given language
What does a child express at 1.5-2 years old?
Negation/denial/nonexistence (e.g. no wiggle); `possessor + possession (e.g. Mommy hat); doer + action (e.g. Kojo sing);
What is the fifth stage of language development in children?
Telegraphic stage
When does the telegraphic stage occur?
When the child is 2-2.5 years old
What occurs during the telegraphic stage?
A child will mainly communicate with content words (nouns, adjectives, and verbs) and use pronouns likes “me” and “I”. They learn many more words and obey the word order and structure of their language. Their sentences lack verb endings/person agreements, pluralization, and tense.
What are some examples of sentences that a child at 2-2.5 years old would say?
Want more ice-cream; Daddy go bye-bye; He go play
What is the sixth stage of language development in children?
the after telegraphic stage
When does the after-telegraphic stage occur?
After 2.6 years old
What occurs during the after telegraphic stage?
The child begins to give commands and share information; they also begin to say sentences that suggest subordination and coordination.
What is a subordination sentence?
combine two words or ideas in which one idea is subordinated to the other; for example; I am strong, but he is weak
What is a coordination sentence?
combining two sentences or ideas that have equal value; for example, I am smart and she is smart.
At age 3, a child begins to use
more grammatical/function words, such as regular plural -s; endings on verb -ing, and prepositions
What are the 5 subdomains of language?
phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics
What is phonology?
The rules of speech sounds; how phonemes are used
What is morphology?
The rules of word structure; how morphemes are used
What is syntax?
The rules of sentence structure
What is semantics?
The rules relating to the meaning of language; what words mean in a given language
What is pragmatics?
The rules associated with the use of language in conversation and social situations
What is the difference between speech and language?
Speech is the sound of spoken language; language is the words we use to share ideas and get what we want
