Review Flashcards
1
Q
When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of
A
neurotransmitters
2
Q
Cells that transmit electrical signals through the nervous system to various organs in the body are called
A
neurons
3
Q
The part of the brain that controls our feelings of rage and aggression, contains the body’s thirst center, and maintains waking and sleeping patterns is the
A
hypothalamus
4
Q
The autonomic nervous system controls
A
involuntary functions of the internal organs.
5
Q
________ is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system.
A
Spinal cord
6
Q
The elevations or folds on the surface of the cerebrum are called
A
gyri
7
Q
Nodes of Ranvier
A
are gaps in the myelin sheath.
8
Q
The prominent fissure that separates the cerebrum into right and left halves or hemispheres is the
A
longitudinal fissure
9
Q
Information is carried from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland by
A
motor neurons
10
Q
Which division of the nervous system controls the ability to dance?
A
somatic/voluntary
11
Q
What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?
A
somatic and autonomic
12
Q
Long nerve fibers that convey electrical impulses to there cells are called
A
axons
13
Q
A neuron consists of a
A
cell body, axons, dendrites
14
Q
Neurotransmitters are
A
released at synapses
15
Q
The breaking of bone or associated cartilage is known as a
A
fracture
16
Q
Joints that do not allow movement are known as
A
amphiarthroses
17
Q
The flared portion at each end of the diaphysis is called the
A
epiphysis
18
Q
If a bone’s length exceeds its width, it is classified as a
A
long bone
19
Q
A joint in which movement can occur in all planes and directions is known as a
A
ball-and-socket joint
20
Q
_________ is NOT part of the axial skeleton.
A
The pelvis
21
Q
How many bones are found in an adult human skeleton?
A
206
22
Q
What is the skeleton of an embryo mainly composed of?
A
cartilage
23
Q
The second cervical vertebra, which acts as the pivot on which the atlas and head rotate, is known as the
A
axis
24
Q
The fibrovascular membrane the covers a bone is called the
A
periosteum
25
The main function of the skull is to
protect the brain
26
The shaft of a long bone is called the
diaphysis
27
An accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint at the base of the large toe and other joints of the feet and legs causes a condition known as
gout
28
Large cells, present in the cavities of bone, that function in the reabsorption of bone are known as
osteoclasts
29
What is the function of cells called osteoblasts?
build and maintain bone
30
_________ allows you to flex and extend your lower leg and upper arms.
Hinge joints
31
The first cervical vertebra, which supports the head, is called the
atlas
32
A disorder of the skeletal system characterized by a decrease in bone mass with accompanying increased susceptibility to bone fractures is called
osteoporosis
33
The point where two or more bones meet is called a
joint
34
_____ marrow, sometimes found in spongy bone, produces red blood cells.
Red
35
The formation of platelets and red and white blood cells within the red bone marrow is known as
hematopoiesis
36
_______ is located on the posterior portion of the human body.
buttocks
37
In anatomical position, the body is
upright, arms at the sides, palms facing forward
38
Your _________ breaks down the food you eat into nutrients that can be absorbed into your body.
digestive system
39
The levels of organization in the body include:
cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
40
_____________ are the major tissues found in the body.
epithelial, nervous, muscle, and connective tissues
41
The _____ system involves your lungs absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.
respiratory
42
The organ system that provides support and protection for body parts is the
skeletal system
43
The terms that means belly side is
ventral
44
The stomach is an example of
an organ
45
The term that means toward the side or away from the midline is
lateral
46
Another term for posterior, which means towards the back is
dorsal
47
Organs working together make up an
organ system
48
The term that means nearest the midline of the body is
medial
49
The term that means away from the point of attachment or origin is
distal
50
The term that means nearest the point of attachment of origin is
proximal
51
The more common of the two functions of carbohydrates is
energy storage
52
The main organs of the excretory system are the
kidneys
53
Which body system acts in a way similar to a transportation system?
circulatory
54
Tissue characterized by elongated cells that generate movement by shortening or contracting in a forcible manner is known as
muscle tissue
55
Your skin, hair, and nails protect underlying tissue and make up the
integumentary system
56
The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and
remove wastes
57
Feedback responses that revise disturbances to our body's condition are examples of
negative feedback
58
The ________ region of the lower limb is most proximally located
knee
59
The ventral body cavity has two components, the
abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities
60
What plane divides the body vertically in to right and left side?
sagittal
61
Which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism?
endocrine
62
The tissue that covers surfaces, protects, forms glands, and lines cavities of the body is
epithelial tissue
63
The ______ is NOT a function of the female reproductive system.
to deliver sperm
64
The lymphatic system is also known as the
immune system
65
The study of the functions of body parts, what they do, and how they do it, is known as
physiology
66
_______ is found in the pelvic cavity.
The urinary bladder
67
The ability for the body to maintain stable internal environment even though it is very cold outside is called
homeostasis
68
The ________ is located in the abdominopelvic cavity
kidney
69
During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of
a hormone that is part of a positive feedback loop
70
It is the role of the ______ to receive and send electrical messages throughout the body
nervous system
71
_____ tissue joints, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes, and cushions organs
Connective
72
The study of the human body's structures is known as
anatomy
73
The most important function of the skin is
protection
74
Your ______ system involves your heart pumping blood through your blood vessels
cardiovascular
75
Dividing the body into two equal left and right portions or halves by drawing an imaginary line vertically through the body from top to bottom creates ______ plane
midsagittal
76
A burn that involves only the epidermis, has symptoms of redness, pain, and slight swelling, and can heal in about seven days without scarring is known as a
first-degree burn
77
The pigment responsible for variations in skin coloring is
melanin
78
From what does the basic structure of hair and nails form?
keratin
79
The process of keratin formation in cells as they move up toward the surface is known as
keratinization
80
What layer of the skin contains Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel Cells, and Langerhan Cells?
epidermis
81
What area of the skin structure is responsible for the skin's sensitivity to light touch?
Pacinian Corpuscle
82
The most common type of skin cancer is
basal cell carcinoma
83
The top layer of the epidermis is made of
flat, dead cells
84
The outermost layer of the skin is called the
epidermis
85
A highly contagious, staphylococcal skin disease of children, characterized by small blisters containing pus that rupture easily and produce a honey-colored crust, is known as
impetigo
86
The visible portion of the hair is the
shaft
87
The functions of the skin include
regulation of body temp, prevention of dehydration, and defense against microbes.
88
A burn that involves both the epidermis and the dermis, ha symptoms of redness, pain, swelling, and blisters, and can take up to two weeks to heal without scarring is known as a
second-degree burn
89
nail root : nails ::
hair follicle : hair
90
_______ is NOT part of the integumentary system.
cartilage
91
A chronic skin disorder that is characterized by red patches covered with thick, dry, silvery scales is
psoriasis
92
The skin is actively involved in the production of
Vitamin D
93
A skin disorder caused by blockage of oil glands is called
acne
94
Sebaceous glands develop along the walls of hair follicles and produce
sweat
95
________ is the oily substance responsible for lubricating the surface of our skin and giving it a glossy appearance.
Sebum
96
________ is the oily substance responsible for lubricating the surface of our skin and giving it a glossy appearance.
Sebum
97
The brown pigment _____ determines skin color.
melanin
98
The simple tubular glands found in most parts of the body that function during perspiration are the _____ glands
sweat
99
The part of the nail body attached to the nail bed from which the nail grows is the _____.
root
100
Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of _____ in the blood.
oxygen
101
A slight scratch of the skin does not cause bleeding because the epidermis lacks _______
blood vessels
102
Body odor is produced by the action of ______ feeding on the sweat.
bacteria
103
The white crescent at the proximal end of each nail is called the
lunula
104
The hair on the body "stands on its end" when the _______ muscle contracts.
arrector pili
105
The visible part of the nail is the ______
nailbody
106
Hairs grow from the specialized epidermal structures called hair _______
follicle
107
The __________ is a sheet of areolar tissue that usually contains fat and attaches the dermis to underlying structures such as muscle or bone.
subcutaneous tissue
108
The subcutaneous tissue is sometimes referred to as the
hypodermis
109
Sweating is an evaporation process that _____ the body
cools
110
Overexposure to __________ radiation may result in the mutations in skin cells that cause skin cancer.
ultraviolet
111
The connective tissue bands that attach muscle to bone are called
tendons
112
The accentuated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae (hunchback) is known as
osteoporosis
113
The formation of bone is called
ossification
114
_____ marrow, found in the central cavity of long bones, stores fat.
Yellow
115
The first seven pairs of ribs which connect with the thoracic vertebrae in the back and with the sternum in the front, are called the
true ribs
116
The plates at the end of long bones are called growth plates because
you should have room to grow.
117
Bones in the skull are made to _______ and ___________ around the brain.
protect and form
118
The _____ bone is long and made to bear weight.
leg
119
Compare/contrast axial and appendicular
axial - has the head and trunk
| appendicular - has arm and legs; contains more bones than axial
120
Difference between compact bone and spongy bone
compact bone - the outside
| spongy bone - the inside
121
Four important functions of bones:
1. to protect
2. to support
3. storage
4. movement?
122
What is a ligament?
connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
123
3 types of joints and an example of each
1. hinge - knee
2. ball and socket - hip
3. immovable - skull
124
How does the skin help control body temperature?
It can help you sweat and keep your body warm. Evaporation will cool you off when you sweat.
