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AR Anat/Physiology > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

When an impulse reaches the end of a neuron, it triggers the release of

A

neurotransmitters

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2
Q

Cells that transmit electrical signals through the nervous system to various organs in the body are called

A

neurons

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3
Q

The part of the brain that controls our feelings of rage and aggression, contains the body’s thirst center, and maintains waking and sleeping patterns is the

A

hypothalamus

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4
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls

A

involuntary functions of the internal organs.

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5
Q

________ is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system.

A

Spinal cord

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6
Q

The elevations or folds on the surface of the cerebrum are called

A

gyri

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7
Q

Nodes of Ranvier

A

are gaps in the myelin sheath.

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8
Q

The prominent fissure that separates the cerebrum into right and left halves or hemispheres is the

A

longitudinal fissure

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9
Q

Information is carried from the central nervous system to a muscle or gland by

A

motor neurons

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10
Q

Which division of the nervous system controls the ability to dance?

A

somatic/voluntary

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11
Q

What are the two divisions of the peripheral nervous system?

A

somatic and autonomic

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12
Q

Long nerve fibers that convey electrical impulses to there cells are called

A

axons

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13
Q

A neuron consists of a

A

cell body, axons, dendrites

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14
Q

Neurotransmitters are

A

released at synapses

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15
Q

The breaking of bone or associated cartilage is known as a

A

fracture

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16
Q

Joints that do not allow movement are known as

A

amphiarthroses

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17
Q

The flared portion at each end of the diaphysis is called the

A

epiphysis

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18
Q

If a bone’s length exceeds its width, it is classified as a

A

long bone

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19
Q

A joint in which movement can occur in all planes and directions is known as a

A

ball-and-socket joint

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20
Q

_________ is NOT part of the axial skeleton.

A

The pelvis

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21
Q

How many bones are found in an adult human skeleton?

A

206

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22
Q

What is the skeleton of an embryo mainly composed of?

A

cartilage

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23
Q

The second cervical vertebra, which acts as the pivot on which the atlas and head rotate, is known as the

A

axis

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24
Q

The fibrovascular membrane the covers a bone is called the

A

periosteum

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25
Q

The main function of the skull is to

A

protect the brain

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26
Q

The shaft of a long bone is called the

A

diaphysis

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27
Q

An accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joint at the base of the large toe and other joints of the feet and legs causes a condition known as

A

gout

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28
Q

Large cells, present in the cavities of bone, that function in the reabsorption of bone are known as

A

osteoclasts

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29
Q

What is the function of cells called osteoblasts?

A

build and maintain bone

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30
Q

_________ allows you to flex and extend your lower leg and upper arms.

A

Hinge joints

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31
Q

The first cervical vertebra, which supports the head, is called the

A

atlas

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32
Q

A disorder of the skeletal system characterized by a decrease in bone mass with accompanying increased susceptibility to bone fractures is called

A

osteoporosis

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33
Q

The point where two or more bones meet is called a

A

joint

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34
Q

_____ marrow, sometimes found in spongy bone, produces red blood cells.

A

Red

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35
Q

The formation of platelets and red and white blood cells within the red bone marrow is known as

A

hematopoiesis

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36
Q

_______ is located on the posterior portion of the human body.

A

buttocks

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37
Q

In anatomical position, the body is

A

upright, arms at the sides, palms facing forward

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38
Q

Your _________ breaks down the food you eat into nutrients that can be absorbed into your body.

A

digestive system

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39
Q

The levels of organization in the body include:

A

cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

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40
Q

_____________ are the major tissues found in the body.

A

epithelial, nervous, muscle, and connective tissues

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41
Q

The _____ system involves your lungs absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide.

A

respiratory

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42
Q

The organ system that provides support and protection for body parts is the

A

skeletal system

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43
Q

The terms that means belly side is

A

ventral

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44
Q

The stomach is an example of

A

an organ

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45
Q

The term that means toward the side or away from the midline is

A

lateral

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46
Q

Another term for posterior, which means towards the back is

A

dorsal

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47
Q

Organs working together make up an

A

organ system

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48
Q

The term that means nearest the midline of the body is

A

medial

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49
Q

The term that means away from the point of attachment or origin is

A

distal

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50
Q

The term that means nearest the point of attachment of origin is

A

proximal

51
Q

The more common of the two functions of carbohydrates is

A

energy storage

52
Q

The main organs of the excretory system are the

A

kidneys

53
Q

Which body system acts in a way similar to a transportation system?

A

circulatory

54
Q

Tissue characterized by elongated cells that generate movement by shortening or contracting in a forcible manner is known as

A

muscle tissue

55
Q

Your skin, hair, and nails protect underlying tissue and make up the

A

integumentary system

56
Q

The function of the excretory system is to control homeostasis and

A

remove wastes

57
Q

Feedback responses that revise disturbances to our body’s condition are examples of

A

negative feedback

58
Q

The ________ region of the lower limb is most proximally located

A

knee

59
Q

The ventral body cavity has two components, the

A

abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities

60
Q

What plane divides the body vertically in to right and left side?

A

sagittal

61
Q

Which system regulates and controls growth, development, and metabolism?

A

endocrine

62
Q

The tissue that covers surfaces, protects, forms glands, and lines cavities of the body is

A

epithelial tissue

63
Q

The ______ is NOT a function of the female reproductive system.

A

to deliver sperm

64
Q

The lymphatic system is also known as the

A

immune system

65
Q

The study of the functions of body parts, what they do, and how they do it, is known as

A

physiology

66
Q

_______ is found in the pelvic cavity.

A

The urinary bladder

67
Q

The ability for the body to maintain stable internal environment even though it is very cold outside is called

A

homeostasis

68
Q

The ________ is located in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

kidney

69
Q

During mammalian labor and delivery, the contraction of uterine muscles is enhanced by oxytocin. This is an example of

A

a hormone that is part of a positive feedback loop

70
Q

It is the role of the ______ to receive and send electrical messages throughout the body

A

nervous system

71
Q

_____ tissue joints, supports, protects, insulates, nourishes, and cushions organs

A

Connective

72
Q

The study of the human body’s structures is known as

A

anatomy

73
Q

The most important function of the skin is

A

protection

74
Q

Your ______ system involves your heart pumping blood through your blood vessels

A

cardiovascular

75
Q

Dividing the body into two equal left and right portions or halves by drawing an imaginary line vertically through the body from top to bottom creates ______ plane

A

midsagittal

76
Q

A burn that involves only the epidermis, has symptoms of redness, pain, and slight swelling, and can heal in about seven days without scarring is known as a

A

first-degree burn

77
Q

The pigment responsible for variations in skin coloring is

A

melanin

78
Q

From what does the basic structure of hair and nails form?

A

keratin

79
Q

The process of keratin formation in cells as they move up toward the surface is known as

A

keratinization

80
Q

What layer of the skin contains Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel Cells, and Langerhan Cells?

A

epidermis

81
Q

What area of the skin structure is responsible for the skin’s sensitivity to light touch?

A

Pacinian Corpuscle

82
Q

The most common type of skin cancer is

A

basal cell carcinoma

83
Q

The top layer of the epidermis is made of

A

flat, dead cells

84
Q

The outermost layer of the skin is called the

A

epidermis

85
Q

A highly contagious, staphylococcal skin disease of children, characterized by small blisters containing pus that rupture easily and produce a honey-colored crust, is known as

A

impetigo

86
Q

The visible portion of the hair is the

A

shaft

87
Q

The functions of the skin include

A

regulation of body temp, prevention of dehydration, and defense against microbes.

88
Q

A burn that involves both the epidermis and the dermis, ha symptoms of redness, pain, swelling, and blisters, and can take up to two weeks to heal without scarring is known as a

A

second-degree burn

89
Q

nail root : nails ::

A

hair follicle : hair

90
Q

_______ is NOT part of the integumentary system.

A

cartilage

91
Q

A chronic skin disorder that is characterized by red patches covered with thick, dry, silvery scales is

A

psoriasis

92
Q

The skin is actively involved in the production of

A

Vitamin D

93
Q

A skin disorder caused by blockage of oil glands is called

A

acne

94
Q

Sebaceous glands develop along the walls of hair follicles and produce

A

sweat

95
Q

________ is the oily substance responsible for lubricating the surface of our skin and giving it a glossy appearance.

A

Sebum

96
Q

________ is the oily substance responsible for lubricating the surface of our skin and giving it a glossy appearance.

A

Sebum

97
Q

The brown pigment _____ determines skin color.

A

melanin

98
Q

The simple tubular glands found in most parts of the body that function during perspiration are the _____ glands

A

sweat

99
Q

The part of the nail body attached to the nail bed from which the nail grows is the _____.

A

root

100
Q

Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of _____ in the blood.

A

oxygen

101
Q

A slight scratch of the skin does not cause bleeding because the epidermis lacks _______

A

blood vessels

102
Q

Body odor is produced by the action of ______ feeding on the sweat.

A

bacteria

103
Q

The white crescent at the proximal end of each nail is called the

A

lunula

104
Q

The hair on the body “stands on its end” when the _______ muscle contracts.

A

arrector pili

105
Q

The visible part of the nail is the ______

A

nailbody

106
Q

Hairs grow from the specialized epidermal structures called hair _______

A

follicle

107
Q

The __________ is a sheet of areolar tissue that usually contains fat and attaches the dermis to underlying structures such as muscle or bone.

A

subcutaneous tissue

108
Q

The subcutaneous tissue is sometimes referred to as the

A

hypodermis

109
Q

Sweating is an evaporation process that _____ the body

A

cools

110
Q

Overexposure to __________ radiation may result in the mutations in skin cells that cause skin cancer.

A

ultraviolet

111
Q

The connective tissue bands that attach muscle to bone are called

A

tendons

112
Q

The accentuated outward curvature of the thoracic vertebrae (hunchback) is known as

A

osteoporosis

113
Q

The formation of bone is called

A

ossification

114
Q

_____ marrow, found in the central cavity of long bones, stores fat.

A

Yellow

115
Q

The first seven pairs of ribs which connect with the thoracic vertebrae in the back and with the sternum in the front, are called the

A

true ribs

116
Q

The plates at the end of long bones are called growth plates because

A

you should have room to grow.

117
Q

Bones in the skull are made to _______ and ___________ around the brain.

A

protect and form

118
Q

The _____ bone is long and made to bear weight.

A

leg

119
Q

Compare/contrast axial and appendicular

A

axial - has the head and trunk

appendicular - has arm and legs; contains more bones than axial

120
Q

Difference between compact bone and spongy bone

A

compact bone - the outside

spongy bone - the inside

121
Q

Four important functions of bones:

A
  1. to protect
  2. to support
  3. storage
  4. movement?
122
Q

What is a ligament?

A

connective tissue that attaches bone to bone

123
Q

3 types of joints and an example of each

A
  1. hinge - knee
  2. ball and socket - hip
  3. immovable - skull
124
Q

How does the skin help control body temperature?

A

It can help you sweat and keep your body warm. Evaporation will cool you off when you sweat.

AR Anat/Physiology (1 decks)

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