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enzyme and homeostasis > review > Flashcards

review Flashcards

1
Q

in an enzyme catalyze reaction, reaction rate will continue to increase with the addition of more substrate until all enzymes are ________. The addition of more substrate beyond this point will result in no increase in reaction rate.

A

saturated

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2
Q

components of the body which detect temperature changes

A

thermoreceptors

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3
Q

the enzyme maltase decomposes the sugar _______

A

maltose

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4
Q

this enzyme catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

A

catalase

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5
Q

if your body temperature drops below normal, your brain may direct your body to start involuntary muscle contractions which makes you start to ______

A

shiver

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6
Q

components of the body which detect light

A

photoreceptors

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7
Q

when the product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction binds to the ________ site on the enzyme, it causes a change to the shape of the active site and the enzyme becomes temporarily inactive

A

allosteric

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8
Q

glands secrete hormones directly into the blood

A

endocrine

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9
Q

glands secrete hormones into ducts

A

exocrine

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10
Q

an ____________ occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions in the body are out of the normal range

A

adaptive response

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11
Q

the idea that the active site modifies its shape as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex

A

induced fit

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12
Q

every enzyme has an optimal ____ at which it will work in the body. the exact value of this will depend upon where in the body that enzyme is functioning. values to far above or below optimal will result in the denaturation of the enzyme

A

pH

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13
Q

in order to function properly, enzymes require an additional substance called a _______, which are typically inorganic ions of metals

A

cofactor

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14
Q

cofactors can belong to this group of substances

A

metals

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15
Q

enzymes are said the be ________ because each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction

A

specific

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16
Q

enzyme activity can be reduced when temperatures become to _______ , however this situation can be reversed

A

cold

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17
Q

a biological catalyst is called a(n) _______

A

enzyme

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18
Q

a word used to describe a substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

A

substrate

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19
Q

negative feedback ________ occurs when the increase in the [product] of an enzyme catalyzed reaction causes the rate of the reaction to slow by inhibiting the associated enzyme

A

inhibition

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20
Q

maintaining the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

A

homeostasis

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21
Q

the model that considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit for each other

A

lock and key

22
Q

components of the body that detect chemical changes

A

chemoreceptors

23
Q

like mercury and lead can cause the denaturation of enzymes

A

heavy metals

24
Q

the protein portion of an enzyme is called the ________

A

apoenzyme

25
Q

components of the body which detect changes in blood pressure

A

pressoreceptors

26
Q

insulin is an example of a ______ hormone

A

peptide

27
Q

blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of _______ feedback systems where the correction of the level which is out of range leads to SLOWING or CEASING of the corrective measure

A

negative

28
Q

the __________ energy is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

A

activation

29
Q

this word refers to the combination of all the chemical reactions that are occurring with an organism

A

metabolism

30
Q

metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone thyroxine which is produced by the ________ gland

A

thyroid

31
Q

a organic, but non-protein substance (e.g..vitamin) which play a role in forming a functioning enzyme

A

coenzyme

32
Q

in order to cool your body, blood vessels near the surface of the skin will ________

A

dilate

33
Q

________ feedback systems are very rare in humans, but are present in situations like childbirth and breastfeeding

A

positive

34
Q

all enzyme names end is this suffix

A

-ase

35
Q

this element is required for the production of thyroxin

A

iodine

36
Q

increasing this factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction

A

surface area

37
Q

are chemical messengers which help the cells communicate with each other

A

hormones

38
Q

receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

A

hypothalamus

39
Q

this word is what happens to a protein when its shape is changed by being exposed to heat or certain chemicals

A

denature

40
Q

all of the body sensory receptors are connected to the ________ system

A

 nervous

41
Q

organic, but non-protein cofactors are often derived from the substances

A

vitamins

42
Q

enzyme activity can be greatly reduced when temperature gets to _____. this situation is irreversible

A

hot

43
Q

this enlargement of the throat can occur due to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

A

goiter

44
Q

lipid-based hormones are composed of _________

A

steroids

45
Q

The portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

A

active site

46
Q

a ____________ increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

A

 catalyst

47
Q

a solution with a higher ___________ will provide a faster reaction rate than a solution with one that is lower

A

concentration 

48
Q

a factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction

A

 temperature

49
Q

many _______ are inhibitors that permanently bind to the active site of enzymes, rendering them inactive

A

poisons

50
Q

the term metabolic __________ refers to a sequence of enzyme catalyzed chemical reactions which are all linked to each other

A

pathways

enzyme and homeostasis (1 decks)

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