review

Question 1

in an enzyme catalyze reaction, reaction rate will continue to increase with the addition of more substrate until all enzymes are ________. The addition of more substrate beyond this point will result in no increase in reaction rate.

Answer 1

saturated

Question 2

components of the body which detect temperature changes

Answer 2

thermoreceptors

Question 3

the enzyme maltase decomposes the sugar _______

Answer 3

maltose

Question 4

this enzyme catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide

Answer 4

catalase

Question 5

if your body temperature drops below normal, your brain may direct your body to start involuntary muscle contractions which makes you start to ______

Answer 5

shiver

Question 6

components of the body which detect light

Answer 6

photoreceptors

Question 7

when the product of an enzyme catalyzed reaction binds to the ________ site on the enzyme, it causes a change to the shape of the active site and the enzyme becomes temporarily inactive

Answer 7

allosteric

Question 8

glands secrete hormones directly into the blood

Answer 8

endocrine

Question 9

glands secrete hormones into ducts

Answer 9

exocrine

Question 10

an ____________ occurs to correct the situation when a receptor detects that conditions in the body are out of the normal range

Answer 10

adaptive response

Question 11

the idea that the active site modifies its shape as it forms the enzyme-substrate complex

Answer 11

induced fit

Question 12

every enzyme has an optimal ____ at which it will work in the body. the exact value of this will depend upon where in the body that enzyme is functioning. values to far above or below optimal will result in the denaturation of the enzyme

Answer 12

pH

Question 13

in order to function properly, enzymes require an additional substance called a _______, which are typically inorganic ions of metals

Answer 13

cofactor

Question 14

cofactors can belong to this group of substances

Answer 14

metals

Question 15

enzymes are said the be ________ because each enzyme catalyzes only one type of reaction

Answer 15

specific

Question 16

enzyme activity can be reduced when temperatures become to _______ , however this situation can be reversed

Answer 16

cold

Question 17

a biological catalyst is called a(n) _______

Answer 17

enzyme

Question 18

a word used to describe a substance which will combine with the active site of an enzyme during a reaction

Answer 18

substrate

Question 19

negative feedback ________ occurs when the increase in the [product] of an enzyme catalyzed reaction causes the rate of the reaction to slow by inhibiting the associated enzyme

Answer 19

inhibition

Question 20

maintaining the internal environment of the body at equilibrium

Answer 20

homeostasis

Question 21

the model that considers the substrate and active site to be a perfect fit for each other

Answer 21

lock and key

Question 22

components of the body that detect chemical changes

Answer 22

chemoreceptors

Question 23

like mercury and lead can cause the denaturation of enzymes

Answer 23

heavy metals

Question 24

the protein portion of an enzyme is called the ________

Answer 24

apoenzyme

Question 25

components of the body which detect changes in blood pressure

Answer 25

pressoreceptors

Question 26

insulin is an example of a ______ hormone

Answer 26

peptide

Question 27

blood pressure, blood pH, and blood glucose levels are all part of _______ feedback systems where the correction of the level which is out of range leads to SLOWING or CEASING of the corrective measure

Answer 27

negative

Question 28

the __________ energy is the amount of energy that is required to get a chemical reaction started

Answer 28

activation

Question 29

this word refers to the combination of all the chemical reactions that are occurring with an organism

Answer 29

metabolism

Question 30

metabolic rate is controlled by the hormone thyroxine which is produced by the ________ gland

Answer 30

thyroid

Question 31

a organic, but non-protein substance (e.g..vitamin) which play a role in forming a functioning enzyme

Answer 31

coenzyme

Question 32

in order to cool your body, blood vessels near the surface of the skin will ________

Answer 32

dilate

Question 33

________ feedback systems are very rare in humans, but are present in situations like childbirth and breastfeeding

Answer 33

positive

Question 34

all enzyme names end is this suffix

Answer 34

-ase

Question 35

this element is required for the production of thyroxin

Answer 35

iodine

Question 36

increasing this factor will increase the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 36

surface area

Question 37

are chemical messengers which help the cells communicate with each other

Answer 37

hormones

Question 38

receptors for regulating body temperature are located in this part of the brain

Answer 38

hypothalamus

Question 39

this word is what happens to a protein when its shape is changed by being exposed to heat or certain chemicals

Answer 39

denature

Question 40

all of the body sensory receptors are connected to the ________ system

Answer 40

 nervous

Question 41

organic, but non-protein cofactors are often derived from the substances

Answer 41

vitamins

Question 42

enzyme activity can be greatly reduced when temperature gets to _____. this situation is irreversible

Answer 42

hot

Question 43

this enlargement of the throat can occur due to either hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism

Answer 43

goiter

Question 44

lipid-based hormones are composed of _________

Answer 44

steroids

Question 45

The portion of an enzyme that binds with the substrate

Answer 45

active site

Question 46

a ____________ increases the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

Answer 46

 catalyst

Question 47

a solution with a higher ___________ will provide a faster reaction rate than a solution with one that is lower

Answer 47

concentration 

Question 48

a factor affecting the rate of a chemical reaction

Answer 48

 temperature

Question 49

many _______ are inhibitors that permanently bind to the active site of enzymes, rendering them inactive

Answer 49

poisons

Question 50

the term metabolic __________ refers to a sequence of enzyme catalyzed chemical reactions which are all linked to each other

Answer 50

pathways