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Motivation and Emotion > Review > Flashcards

Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is Motivation?

A

Any internal process that gives behavior its energy, direction, and persistence

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2
Q

Internal Processes Consist of three ___?

A

Need, Cognition, Emotion

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3
Q

What is a Need?

A

Any condition within the individual that is essential and necessary for the maintenance of life and for the nurturance of growth and wellbeing.

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4
Q

Define Cognition

A

Mental events capable of energizing and directing behavior. Beliefs, expectations, goals, etc.

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5
Q

Define Emotion

A

Short-lived, feeling-arousal, purposive-expressive, phenomena that helps us adapt to the opportunities and challenges we face during important life events.

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6
Q

2 Aspects of the Relationship between Motivation and Emotion?

A
  1. Emotions are one type of motive

2. Emotions help identify the motivational state of the person

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7
Q

Five expressions of Motivation

A

Behavior, Engagement, Psycho-physiology, Brain Activations, self-Report

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8
Q

Seven Behavioral Expressions of Motivation

A

Effort, Persistence, Latency, Choice, Bodily Gestures, Facial Expressions, probability of response

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9
Q

Four Interrelated Aspects of Engagement

A

Emotion, Behavior, Cognition, Agency

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10
Q

6 Bodily Activities as Expressions of Motivation

A

Skeletal, Cardiovascular, Electrodermal, Hormonal, Brain, Ocular

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11
Q

2 Key aspects of Motivation

A

Quantity, Quality

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12
Q

Cortical Brain

A

Explicit Motives, conscious thoughts and behaviors. ( hunger, anger, mood)

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13
Q

Two Principles to the Motivated and Emotional Brain

A

Day to Day event activate specific brain structures

Activated brain structures generate specific motivations and emotions

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14
Q

Sub-Cortical Brain

A

Associated with Basic urges, and emotion rich motivations such as hunger, thirst, anger, fear, anxiety, pleasure, desire

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15
Q

The 7 Parts of the Motivated and Emotional Brain?

A

Insula, Prefrontal Cortex, Orbitofrontal Cortex, Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Anterior Cingulate Cortex

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16
Q

3 Processes of the Amygdala in relation to motivation

A

Detects Threats
Detects Rewards
Detects Predictability of Reward

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17
Q

Three Hormones in Relation to Motivation

A

Cortisol, Testosterone, Oxytocin

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18
Q

What is a Need?

A

Any condition within the person that is essential and necessary for life, growth, and well-being

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19
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The body’s tendency to maintain a stable internal state

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20
Q

What are Intraorganismic and Extra organismic Mechanisms?

A

Intra- All mechanisms within the biological system that activate the person to maintain biological needs, underlies drive
Extra- mechanisms within the environment that influence biological systems (water in front of a thirsty person)

21
Q

Three Reasons Why We Fail to Self-Regulate?

A

1) Underestimation of Biological Force

2) People can lack standards, or have inconsistent, conflicting, or unrealistic standards

22
Q

What is Extrinsic Motivation?

A

An environmentally created reason (incentives or consequences) to engage in an action or activity.

23
Q

What is a Positive Reinforcer?

A

An environmental stimulus, that when presented, increases the likelihood of the DESIRED behavior. NOTE: All reinforcers are rewards, not all rewards are reinforcers

24
Q

What is a Negative Reinforcer?

A

An environmental stimulus, that when removed INCREASES the likelihood of the DESIRED behavior; are unpleasant stimuli ( removing restrictions, curfews, call ins > good behavior)

25
Q

What is a Punisher?

A

Any environmental stimulus that, when presented DECREASES the likelihood of an UNDESIRED behavior. (Spanking, removing of an object or privileges’)

26
Q

What is Intrinsic Motivation?

A

The inherent desire to engage one’s interests and to exercise and develop one’s capabilities

27
Q

What are the 3 origins of Motivation?

A

1) Autonomy
2) Competence
3) Relatedness

28
Q

What is Cognitive Evaluation Theory?

A

Explains how an extrinsic event effects intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, as mediated by the event’s effect on the psychological needs for competence and autonomy

29
Q

What are the three forms of Extrinsic Motivation?

A

Introjected Regulation
Identified Regulation
Integrated Regulation

30
Q

What is Internalization?

A

The process by which a person transforms a formerly externally-prescribed way of thinking or behaving into an internally-endorsed one

31
Q

What is a Psychological Need?

A

An inherent source of motivation that generates the desire to interact with the environments so as to advance personal growth, social development, and psychological well-being

32
Q

What are the Two Assumptions in terms of the Organismic approach to Motivation?

A

1) People are innately active- always seeking exchange within the environment
2) People need supportive rather than hostile environments.

33
Q

What are Three Psychological Needs?

A

1) Autonomy
2) Competence
3) Relatedness

34
Q

What is Autonomy?

A

The psychological need to experience self-direction and personal endorsement in the initiation and regulation of one’s behavior

35
Q

Three Subjective Qualities within the Experience of Autonomy

A
  1. Internal perceived locus of causality
  2. (Feeling Free)
  3. Perceived choice over one’s actions
36
Q

What is Competence?

A

A Psychological need to be effective in interactions with the environment

37
Q

What is Structure?

A

The amount and clarity of information one person give to another regarding what to do and how to do it

38
Q

Three Aspects of a Structured Environment?

A

1) Clear Expectations
2) Guidance
3) Feedback

39
Q

Three Aspects of a Structured Environment?

A

1) Clear Expectations
2) Guidance
3) Feedback

40
Q

An Example on why We Learn more From Failure than Success?

A
  1. Urges people to identify the causes of failure
  2. Prompts people to revise
  3. Prompts people to ask for advice and guidance
41
Q

What is Relatedness?

A

The psychological need to establish close emotional bonds; attachments with other people

42
Q

Two Key Conditions that Satisfy the need for Relatedness

A
  1. Responsiveness

2. Social bond

43
Q

3 Reasons why Relatedness is Important- Educationally Speaking

A

1) Support internalization
2) Promote vitality, engagement
3) Promote Happiness (prevents loneliness, depression

44
Q

Name the two types of Relationships

A

Exchange Relationship

Communal Relationship

45
Q

3 Aspects to A Good Day

A

1) Competence
2) Relatedness
3) Autonomy

46
Q

What is an Implicit Motive?

A

A non-conscious need that motivates people’s behavior for the attainment of specific social incentives

47
Q

The three Mentioned Emotionality Patterns?

A

1) High Achievement
2) High Affiliation
3) High Power

48
Q

Traditional Leadership Motive Pattern?

A
  1. High need for Power.
  2. Low need for affiliation
  3. High self control (inhibition)
49
Q

Compassionate Leadership Motive Pattern

A

1) High need for Power
2) High need for Affiliation
3) High Self-control (inhibition)

Motivation and Emotion (1 decks)

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