Review 1

Question 1

Book of Hours

Answer 1

Private prayer book used to recite prayers at certain times during the day; contains calendars

Question 2

Grisaille

Answer 2

Painting that imitates a sculpture and material like stone

Question 3

Altarpiece

Answer 3

Decorative piece of art usually placed behind the altar in a church. Can have multiple panels (diptych, triptych, polyptych) and sits on a base called Predella

Question 4

Fresco

Answer 4

A form of mural painting using water-based paint directly onto wet plaster.

Question 5

International (Late) Gothic

Answer 5

A type of painting developed in the 15th century in European courts. Characterized by figures, miniature, patterns, tiny detail, slender people, lots of gold, bright colors, expensive colors, and often don’t show logical depiction of space. Instead of accurately representing reality, artists focus on more symbolic meaning for religious purposes.

Question 6

Role of art in 14th century

Answer 6

art and private devotion, art and public religion, naturalistic and stylistic changes (from Byzantine to Gothic), political and personal wealth

Question 7

Annunciation

Answer 7

Angel Gabriel telling Mary she will conceive baby Jesus

Question 8

Visitation

Answer 8

Mary traveling to see Elizabeth to tell her about the conception

Question 9

Nativity

Answer 9

Jesus’ birth

Question 10

Lamentation

Answer 10

Mourning of Christ’s body after crucifixion

Question 11

fleur de lis

Answer 11

symbol of the French kingdom

Question 12

Deposition

Answer 12

descent from the cross

Question 13

Early Renaissance

Answer 13

The spiritual world and a microscopic view of the real world. Uses lots of elongated bodies.

Question 14

Italy 14th century

Answer 14

The Black Death and other hardships inspired more altarpieces

Question 15

Northern Renaissance

Answer 15

Secularizing biblical scenes using contemporary settings or objects, layers of symbolism, attention to minute details

Question 16

Early 15th century France

Answer 16

100 years war continued and destroyed economy yet patrons continued to commission art

Question 17

oil paint vs tempera

Answer 17

oil paint was discovered in the 15th century - it produced seamless blending and richness compared to tempera, which was water-based paint with egg yolk to bind the pigment.

Question 18

horizon line

Answer 18

boundary where sky separates from the land or water

Question 19

picture plane

Answer 19

the actual surface of the painting. Manipulating the picture plane includes having objects look like they’re “piercing” the plane coming out towards the audience. It is an illusionistic technique to bring the audience in; fictional world to realistic world.

Question 20

printing press and printmaking techniques

Answer 20

Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1448, which allowed more people access to art. Two techniques include woodcut (woodblock printing) and engraving (etching).

Question 21

Early Italian Renaissance

Answer 21

Italy painted a more realistic adaptation of biblical stories. Art and humanism - people can achieve success through knowledge and education.

Question 22

Pietra serena

Answer 22

grey stone made from Tuscany

Question 23

One-point linear perspective

Answer 23

Illusion of creating a 2d space into a 3d piece using a horizon line. The vanishing point should be on the same line as the horizontal line, and the orthogonals span from the foreground towards the vanishing point. It determines the scale of objects.

Question 24

Memento mori

Answer 24

A visual trope that is a reminder of death, that our life on earth is short, and everyone should be prepared for salvation

Question 25

Contrapposto

Answer 25

A comfortable position where the weight is placed on one leg with the other leg relaxed, creating a natural S-curve to the body.

Question 26

Atmospheric perspective

Answer 26

objects closer to the picture plane have more clarity and sharpness, where objects further away become hazy and lose their shape and clarity, which creates depth and distance.

Question 27

Trompe l’oeil

Answer 27

An artistic term for the highly realistic optical illusion of three-dimensional surface. Tricks us to think the space is real.