Reversible Causes

Question 1

What are the 4 Hs?

Answer 1

Hypoxia
Hypovalemia
Hypo/hyperkalemia
Hypothermia

Question 2

What are the 4 Ts?

Answer 2

Toxins
(Cardiac) Tamponade
Thrombus
Tension pneumothorax

Question 3

How would you rule out hypoxia?

Answer 3

All arrests are hypoxic
Chocking cause = hypoxia
IGel secured with Etco2

Question 4

How would you rule out hypovalemia?

Answer 4

Blood loss/ D&V history

Question 5

How would you rule out hyper/hypokalemia

Answer 5

Take a HGT and treat accordingly

Find history or metabolic disorders

Question 6

How would you rule out hypothermia?

Answer 6

As a primary cause look in the environment of arrest

Question 7

How would you rule out toxins?

Answer 7

History of pt (current medications/history of abuse)

Scene (empty bottles/syringes)

Question 8

How would you rule out tension pneumothorax?

Answer 8

When placing iGel listen to chest for bilateral entry

FLAPS assessment listen for any diminished sound

Question 9

How would you rule out cardiac tamponade?

Answer 9

Look for distended veins and cardiac trauma/bruising pre arrest.
HEMS can ultrasound

Question 10

How would you rule out thrombus?

Answer 10

Any cardiac symptoms before arrest.

Any history to suggest PE or MI?