Reveiw Cards

Question 1

What is the main function of the excretory system

Answer 1

Discharging waste

Question 2

What are the organs associated with the excretory system

Answer 2

Lungs, Skin, liver, Kidneys, Ureter,l Urinary Bladder, Urethra

Question 3

What is the substance the Kidneys excrete

Answer 3

They filter blood and form urine

Question 4

Which organs that are associated with the urinary system

Answer 4

Kidneys, Urinary Bladder, Urethra, Ureter

Question 5

What are the three main parts of the kidney?

Biggest to smallest.

Answer 5

Cortex. Medulla. Pelvis.

Question 6

What does Renal refer to?

Answer 6

Location of the Kidney (So Kidney)

Question 7

Approximately how big is a kidney and where is it found in the body?

Answer 7

The Kidney is a bit smaller then a fist and located under the ribs and behind the liver

Question 8

The pathway of filtrate and blood through the kidney and the nephron and the specific substances associated along the pathway

Answer 8

Step one:
Fluid is filtered through glomerulus and bowman’s capsul to proximal convoluted tubule

Step two:
At the proximal convoluted tubule, na+, water, glucose, and amino acids are removed

Step three:
fluid goes to the descending limb of loop of henle

Step four:
Water leaves the filtrate and urea plus some solutes enter

Step five:
Fluid goes to the ascending limb of loop of henle

Step six:
Na+ is actively transported out followed by chloride in the ascending limb of loop of henle

Step seven:
Fluid goes to the distal convoluted tubule

Step eight:
Na+, chloride leave the filtrate and water, k+ and h+ are added in at the distal convoluted tubule

Step nine:
Filtrate goes to the collecting ducts

Step ten:
NaCI and urea leave at the collecting ducts

Step eleven:
Urea diffuses back to the descending limb of loop of henle to re enter

Step twelve:
in the end 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed and 1% leaves as urine

Question 9

What is filtration

Answer 9

Filtration is when you separate different substances from other substances

Question 10

What is reabsorption

Answer 10

Reabsorption is the processes of water or a liquid being removed

Question 11

What is excretion

Answer 11

the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.

Question 12

What is homeostasis?

Answer 12

process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival

Question 13

How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?

Answer 13

The Urinary system works with the other systems of the body to help maintain homeostasis. The kidneys are the main organs of homeostasis because they maintain the acid base balance and the water salt balance of the blood

Question 14

What are the functions of the urinary system?

Answer 14

Their function is to remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine; keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood

Question 15

What is micturation

Answer 15

Micturition, also known as urination, is a process that allows the body to excrete excess water and get rid of some substances that are potentially harmful to the body

Question 16

Describe the ureters

Answer 16

They have valves to prevent backflow of urine (wastes)

Question 17

Describe the Bladder

Answer 17

• Muscular sac for the temporary storage of urine.
• Has folds (rugae) for differing sizes
• Can hold 500ml comfortably and up to 1000 ml (IL) in an adult.

Question 18

Describe the Urethra

Answer 18

Short tube with an involuntarily controlled sphincter leading urine out of the body

Question 19

What is the colour, odour and turbidity of normal urine?

Answer 19

Normal urine has a light yellowish but clear colour. The odour is not strong if there is no bacteria or an infection, but normal may have a bit of a nutty smell. Normal urine should be clear/transparent

Question 20

What are three things that can be revealed from a urine sample

Answer 20

1. You can see if the person has a disease
2. They can see if you have an infection
3. Also can see if you have diabetes

Question 21

Why might a healthcare professional take a urine sample?

Answer 21

They may take a urine sample if the patient saw red or distorted colour in there urine. Or to see if there body is missing substances/losing.

Question 22

describe dialysis

Answer 22

Dialysis is a machine that people would be put on to if there body is unable to filter there blood them self.
Ex. If your kidney fails and you are waiting for a new one, you would be put on Dialysis.

Question 23

Where does a transplanted kidney get placed

Answer 23

It gets placed lower then where the other kidneys would be.

Question 24

Describe ADH and how it controls kidney function

Answer 24

ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - released by the pituitary gland (in the brain) into the blood.
ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and excrete less urine.

Question 25

What are the effects of excessive caffeine/alcohol consumption on kidney function?

Answer 25

Having caffeine will lead to a mild increase in urine output for a short time. Caffeine will also raise blood pressure slightly for a short time. Same as alcohol. This is making your kidneys work harder and have to do more. Also, more bad things will pass through your kidneys which could cause kidney stones.