Reveiw Cards Flashcards
What is the main function of the excretory system
Discharging waste
What are the organs associated with the excretory system
Lungs, Skin, liver, Kidneys, Ureter,l Urinary Bladder, Urethra
What is the substance the Kidneys excrete
They filter blood and form urine
Which organs that are associated with the urinary system
Kidneys, Urinary Bladder, Urethra, Ureter
What are the three main parts of the kidney?
Biggest to smallest.
Cortex. Medulla. Pelvis.
What does Renal refer to?
Location of the Kidney (So Kidney)
Approximately how big is a kidney and where is it found in the body?
The Kidney is a bit smaller then a fist and located under the ribs and behind the liver
The pathway of filtrate and blood through the kidney and the nephron and the specific substances associated along the pathway
Step one:
Fluid is filtered through glomerulus and bowman’s capsul to proximal convoluted tubule
Step two:
At the proximal convoluted tubule, na+, water, glucose, and amino acids are removed
Step three:
fluid goes to the descending limb of loop of henle
Step four:
Water leaves the filtrate and urea plus some solutes enter
Step five:
Fluid goes to the ascending limb of loop of henle
Step six:
Na+ is actively transported out followed by chloride in the ascending limb of loop of henle
Step seven:
Fluid goes to the distal convoluted tubule
Step eight:
Na+, chloride leave the filtrate and water, k+ and h+ are added in at the distal convoluted tubule
Step nine:
Filtrate goes to the collecting ducts
Step ten:
NaCI and urea leave at the collecting ducts
Step eleven:
Urea diffuses back to the descending limb of loop of henle to re enter
Step twelve:
in the end 99% of filtrate is reabsorbed and 1% leaves as urine
What is filtration
Filtration is when you separate different substances from other substances
What is reabsorption
Reabsorption is the processes of water or a liquid being removed
What is excretion
the process of eliminating or expelling waste matter.
What is homeostasis?
process that living things use to actively maintain fairly stable conditions necessary for survival
How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?
The Urinary system works with the other systems of the body to help maintain homeostasis. The kidneys are the main organs of homeostasis because they maintain the acid base balance and the water salt balance of the blood
What are the functions of the urinary system?
Their function is to remove liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine; keep a stable balance of salts and other substances in the blood
What is micturation
Micturition, also known as urination, is a process that allows the body to excrete excess water and get rid of some substances that are potentially harmful to the body
Describe the ureters
They have valves to prevent backflow of urine (wastes)
Describe the Bladder
- Muscular sac for the temporary storage of urine.
- Has folds (rugae) for differing sizes
- Can hold 500ml comfortably and up to 1000 ml (IL) in an adult.
Describe the Urethra
Short tube with an involuntarily controlled sphincter leading urine out of the body
What is the colour, odour and turbidity of normal urine?
Normal urine has a light yellowish but clear colour. The odour is not strong if there is no bacteria or an infection, but normal may have a bit of a nutty smell. Normal urine should be clear/transparent
What are three things that can be revealed from a urine sample
- You can see if the person has a disease
- They can see if you have an infection
- Also can see if you have diabetes
Why might a healthcare professional take a urine sample?
They may take a urine sample if the patient saw red or distorted colour in there urine. Or to see if there body is missing substances/losing.
describe dialysis
Dialysis is a machine that people would be put on to if there body is unable to filter there blood them self.
Ex. If your kidney fails and you are waiting for a new one, you would be put on Dialysis.
Where does a transplanted kidney get placed
It gets placed lower then where the other kidneys would be.
Describe ADH and how it controls kidney function
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - released by the pituitary gland (in the brain) into the blood.
ADH causes the kidneys to reabsorb water and excrete less urine.
What are the effects of excessive caffeine/alcohol consumption on kidney function?
Having caffeine will lead to a mild increase in urine output for a short time. Caffeine will also raise blood pressure slightly for a short time. Same as alcohol. This is making your kidneys work harder and have to do more. Also, more bad things will pass through your kidneys which could cause kidney stones.
