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Anatomy [REMOVALS] > [REVALIDA] 2023 > Flashcards

[REVALIDA] 2023 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. 37-year-old patient with palpitation was examined by her physician, and one of the diagnostic records included a posterior–anterior chest radiograph. Which of the following comprises the largest portion of the sternocostal surface of the heart seen on the radiograph?

(A) Left atrium
(B) Right atrium
(C) Left ventricle
(D) Right ventricle
(E) Base of the heart

A

D. Right Ventricle

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2
Q
  1. A 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department because of difficulty breathing (dyspnea), palpitations, and shortness of breath. Doppler study of the heart reveals an atrial septal defect (ASD). This malformation usually results from incomplete closure of which of the following embryonic structures?

(A) Ductus arteriosus
(B) Ductus venosus
(C) Sinus venarum
(D) Foramen ovale
(E)Truncus arteriosus

A

D. Foramen Ovale

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3
Q
  1. A 54-year-old patient is implanted with an artificial cardiac pacemaker. Which of the following conductive tissues of the heart had a defective function that required the pacemaker?

(A) Atrioventricular (AV) bundle
(B) AV node
(C) Sinoatrial (SA) node
(D) Purkinje fiber
(E) Moderator band

A

C. Sinoatrial (SA) node

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4
Q
  1. A thoracic surgeon removed the right middle lobar (secondary) bronchus along with lung tissue from a 57-year-old heavy smoker with lung cancer. Which of the following bronchopulmonary segments must contain cancerous tissues?

(A) Medial and lateral
(B) Anterior and posterior
(C) Anterior basal and medial basal
(D) Anterior basal and posterior basal
(E) Lateral basal and posterior basal

A

A. Medial and lateral

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5
Q
  1. The bronchogram of a 45-year-old female smoker shows the presence of a tumor in the eparterial bronchus. Which airway is most likely blocked?

(A) Left superior bronchus
(B) Left inferior bronchus
(C) Right superior bronchus
(D) Right middle bronchus
(E) Right inferior bronchus

A

C. Right superior bronchus

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6
Q
  1. An 83-year-old man with a typical coronary circulation has been suffering from an embolism of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. This condition would result in ischemia of which of the following areas of the heart?

(A) Anterior part of the left ventricle
(B) Anterior interventricular region
(C) Posterior interventricular region
(D) Posterior part of the left ventricle
(E) Anterior part of the right ventricle

A

D. Posterior part of the left ventricle

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7
Q
  1. A 44-year-old man with a stab wound was brought to the emergency department, and a physician found that the patient was suffering from a laceration of his right phrenic nerve. Which of the following conditions has likely occurred?

(A) Injury to only GSE fibers
(B) Difficulty in expiration
(C) Loss of sensation in the fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura
(D) Normal function of the diaphragm
(E) Loss of sensation in the costal part of the diaphragm

A

C. Loss of sensation in the fibrous pericardium and mediastinal pleura

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8
Q
  1. An 8-year-old boy with ASD presents to a pediatrician. This congenital heart defect shunts blood from the left atrium to the right atrium and causes hypertrophy of the right atrium, right ventricle, and pulmonary trunk. Which of the following veins opens into the hypertrophied atrium?

(A) Middle cardiac vein
(B) Small cardiac vein
(C) Oblique cardiac vein
(D) Anterior cardiac vein
(E) Right pulmonary vein

A

D. Anterior cardiac vein

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9
Q
  1. A 37-year-old patient with severe chest pain, shortness of breath, and congestive heart failure was admitted to a local hospital. His coronary angiograms reveal a thrombosis in the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery. Which of the following conditions could result from the blockage of blood flow in the circumflex branch?

(A) Tricuspid valve insufficiency
(B) Mitral valve insufficiency
(C) Ischemia of AV node
(D) Paralysis of pectinate muscle
(E) Necrosis of septomarginal trabecula

A

B. Mitral valve insufficiency

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10
Q
  1. A 75-year-old patient has been suffer ing from lung cancer located near the cardiac notch, a deep indentation on the lung. Which of the following lobes is most likely to be excised?

(A) Superior lobe of the right lung
(B) Middle lobe of the right lung
(C) Inferior lobe of the right lung
(D) Superior lobe of the left lung
(E) Inferior lobe of the left lung

A

D. Superior lobe of the left lung

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11
Q
  1. A thoracentesis is performed to aspirate an abnormal accumulation of fluid in a 37-year- old patient with pleural effusion. A needle should be inserted at the midaxillary line between which of the following two ribs so as to avoid puncturing the lung?

(A) Ribs 1 and 3
(B) Ribs 3 and 5
(C) Ribs 5 and 7
(D) Ribs 7 and 9
(E) Ribs 9 and 11

A

D. Ribs 7 and 9

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12
Q
  1. A construction worker is hit on the leg with a concrete block and is subsequently unable to plantar flex and invert his foot. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?

(A) Extensor digitorum longus
(B) Tibialis anterior
(C) Tibialis posterior
(D) Peroneus longus
(E) Peroneus brevis

A

C. Tibialis posterior

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13
Q
  1. The obturator nerve and the sciatic (tibial portion) nerve of a 15-year-old boy are tran- sected as a result of a motorcycle accident. This injury would result in complete paralysis of which of the following muscles?

(A) Rectus femoris
(B) Biceps femoris, short head
(C) Pectineus
(D) Adductor magnus
(E) Sartorius

A

D. Adductor magnus

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14
Q
  1. A 24-year-old woman presents to her physi- cian with weakness in flexing the hip joint and extending the knee joint. Which muscle is most likely involved in this scenario?

(A) Sartorius
(B) Gracilis
(C) Rectus femoris
(D) Vastus medialis
(E) Semimembranosus

A

C. Rectus femoris

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15
Q
  1. A 17-year-old boy was stabbed during a gang fight, resulting in the transection of the obturator nerve. Which of the following muscles is completely paralyzed?

(A) Pectineus
(B) Adductor magnus
(C) Adductor longus
(D) Biceps femoris
(E) Semimembranosus

A

C. Adductor longus

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16
Q
  1. The surgeon decided to do a McBurney’s incision on the patient diagnosed with acute appendicitis. He asked you to locate the McBurney’s point. What bony landmark is used to determine the McBurney’s point?

A. anterior superior iliac spine
B. Ischial spine
C. symphysis pubis
D. greater sciatic notch
E. ischiopubic ramus

A

A. anterior superior iliac spine

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17
Q
  1. What part of the ilium that is most susceptible to fracture especially in elederly women?

A. auricular surface
B. iliac tuberosity
C. iliac fossa
D. alae
E. iliac crest

A

C. iliac fossa

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18
Q
  1. What is the imaginary line in the pelvis that lies medial to the acetabular fossa and is used to detect dislocation of the humerus head?

A. iliofemoral line
B. kohler line
C. shenton line
D. linea alba
E. line of duty

A

C. shenton line

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19
Q
  1. What artery mainly supplies the pelvic viscera?

A. internal iliac artery
B. external iliac artery
C. femoral artery
D. profunda femoris artery
E. popliteal artery

A

A. internal iliac artery

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20
Q
  1. The ob-gyne consultant asked you to inject magnesium sulfate into the gluteal region of the patient. She reminds you not to hit the sciatic nerve, What is safest quadrant in the gluteal region for this procedure?

A. upper-inner quadrant
B. upper-outer quadrant
C. lower-inner quadrant
D. lower-outer quadrant
E. anywhere in the gluteal region

A

B. upper-outer quadrant

21
Q
  1. ___ is bounded in front by the pubic arch, laterally by the ischial tuberosities, and posterioly by the coccyx.

A. pelvic inlet
B. pelvic outlet
C. pelvic cavity
D. pelvic axis
E. obturator foramen

A

B. pelvic outlet

22
Q
  1. __ female pelvis is generally long, narrow, and oval shaped.

A. android type
B. gynecoid type
C. anthropoid type
D. platypelloid type

A

C. anthropoid type

23
Q
  1. A 32-year-old carpenter fell from the roof. The lateral longitudinal arch of his foot was flattened from fracture and displacement of the keystone for the arch. Which of the following bones is damaged?

(A) Calcaneus
(B) Cuboid bone
(C) Head of the talus
(D) Medial cuneiform
(E) Navicular bone

A

B. Cuboid bone

24
Q
  1. A patient has weakness when flexing both her thigh and leg. Which of the following muscles is most likely injured?

(A) Rectus femoris
(B) Semitendinosus
(C) Biceps femoris
(D) Sartorius
(E) Adductor longus

A

D. Sartorius

25
Q
  1. A 35-year-old man has difficulty in dorsi- flexing the foot. Which of the following muscles is most likely damaged?

(A) Tibialis posterior
(B) Flexor digitorum longus
(C) Tibialis anterior
(D) Peroneus longus
(E) Peroneus brevis

A

C. Tibialis anterior

26
Q
  1. An injury to the leg of a golfer results in loss of the ability to invert the foot. Which of the fol- lowing muscles is most likely paralyzed?

(A) Tibialis posterior
(B) Peroneus longus
(C) Peroneus brevis
(D) Peroneus tertius
(E) Extensor digitorum longus

A

A. Tibialis posterior

27
Q
  1. An orthopedic surgeon ligates the posterior tibial artery at its origin. Which of the following arteries has no blood flow immediately after the ligation?

(A) Peroneal
(B) Dorsalis pedis
(C) Superior medial genicular
(D) Anterior tibial
(E) Descending genicular

A

A. Peroneal

28
Q
  1. A 25-year-old gladiator sustains a penetrat- ing injury that severs the superficial peroneal nerve. This will most likely cause paralysis of which of the following muscles?

(A) Peroneus tertius
(B) Peroneus brevis
(C) Flexor hallucis longus
(D) Tibialis anterior
(E) Tibialis posterior

A

B. Peroneus brevis

29
Q
  1. A patient presents with a thrombosis in the popliteal vein. This thrombosis most likely causes reduction of blood flow in which of the following veins?

(A) Greater saphenous
(B) Lesser saphenous
(C) Femoral
(D) Posterior tibial
(E) Anterior tibial

A

C. Femoral

30
Q
  1. A 20-year-old man fell from the parallel bar during the Olympic trial. A neurologic examination reveals that he has a lesion of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Which of the following muscles is most likely weakened by this injury?

(A) Subscapularis
(B) Teres major
(C) Latissimus dorsi
(D) Teres minor
(E) Pectoralis major

A

E. Pectoralis major

31
Q
  1. A 24-year-old carpenter suffers a crush injury of his entire little finger. Which of the following muscles is most likely to be spared?

(A) Flexor digitorum profundus
(B) Extensor digitorum
(C) Palmar interossei
(D) Dorsal interossei
(E) Lumbricals

A

D. Dorsal interossei

32
Q
  1. A 7-year-old boy falls from a tree house and is brought to the emergency department of a local hospital. On examination, he has weak- ness in rotating his arm laterally because of an injury of a nerve. Which of the following condi- tions is most likely to cause a loss of this nerve function?

(A) Injury to the lateral cord of the brachial plexus
(B) Fracture of the anatomic neck of the humerus
(C) Knife wound on the teres major muscle
(D) Inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus
(E) A tumor in the triangular space in the shoulder region

A

D. Inferior dislocation of the head of the humerus

33
Q
  1. A construction worker suffers a destructive injury of the structures related to the anatomic snuffbox. Which of the following structures would most likely be damaged?

(A) Triquetral bone
(B) Trapezoid bone
(C) Extensor indicis tendon
(D) Abductor pollicis brevis tendon
(E) Radial artery

A

E. Radial artery

34
Q
  1. A rock climber falls on his shoulder, result- ing in a chipping off of the lesser tubercle of the humerus. Which of the following structures would most likely have structural and functional damage?

(A) Supraspinatus muscle
(B) Infraspinatus muscle
(C) Subscapularis muscle
(D) Teres minor muscle
(E) Coracohumeral ligament

A

C. Subscapularis muscle

35
Q
  1. A man is unable to hold typing paper be- tween his index and middle fingers. Which of the following nerves was likely injured?

(A) Radial nerve
(B) Median nerve
(C) Ulnar nerve
(D) Musculocutaneous nerve
(E) Axillary nerve

A

C. Ulnar nerve

36
Q
  1. The victim of an automobile accident has a destructive injury of the proximal row of carpal bones. Which of the following bones is most likely damaged?

(A) Capitate
(B) Hamate
(C) Trapezium
(D) Triquetrum
(E) Trapezoid

A

D. Triquetrum

37
Q
  1. A patient has a torn rotator cuff of the shoulder joint as the result of an automobile accident. Which of the following muscle tendons is intact and has a normal function?

(A) Supraspinatus
(B) Subscapularis
(C) Teres major
(D) Teres minor
(E) Infraspinatus

A

C. Teres major

38
Q
  1. A 67-year-old woman with a long history of liver cirrhosis was seen in the emergency department. In this patient with portal hyper- tension, which of the following veins is most likely to be dilated?

(A) Right colic vein
(B) Inferior epigastric vein
(C) Inferior phrenic vein
(D) Suprarenal vein
(E) Ovarian vein

A

A. Right colic vein

39
Q
  1. A 26-year-old patient is admitted to a local hospital with a retroperitoneal infection. Which of the following arteries is most likely to be infected?

(A) Left gastric artery
(B) Proper hepatic artery
(C) Middle colic artery
(D) Sigmoid arteries
(E) Dorsal pancreatic artery

A

E. Dorsal pancreatic artery

40
Q
  1. A pediatric surgeon has resected a structure that is a fibrous remnant of an embryonic or fetal artery in a 5-year-old child. Which of the following structures is most likely to be divided?

(A) Lateral umbilical fold
(B) Medial umbilical fold
(C) Median umbilical fold
(D) Ligamentum teres hepatis
(E) Ligamentum venosum

A

B. Medial umbilical fold

41
Q
  1. A 57-year-old patient has a tumor in the body of the pancreas that obstructs the inferior mesenteric vein just before joining the splenic vein. Which of the following veins is most likely to be enlarged?

(A) Middle colic vein
(B) Left gastroepiploic vein
(C) Inferior pancreaticoduodenal vein
(D) Ileocolic vein
(E) Left colic vein

A

E. Left colic vein

42
Q
  1. An elderly man with prostatic hypertrophy returns to his urologist with another case of epididymitis. An acute infection involving the dartos muscle layer of the scrotum most likely leads to an enlargement of which of the follow- ing lymph nodes?

(A) Preaortic nodes
(B) Lumbar nodes
(C) External iliac nodes
(D) Superficial inguinal nodes
(E) Common iliac nodes

A

D. Superficial inguinal nodes

43
Q
  1. A patient with cirrhosis is scheduled for liver transplant surgery. During the operation rounds, the transplant physician explains to his residents that one of the reasons a surgeon must pay close attention to the anatomic location of the liver is that this organ:

(A) Receives blood only from the hepatic arteries
(B) Manufactures red blood cells in an adult
(C) Drains bile from the quadrate lobe into the right hepatic duct
(D) Drains venous blood into the hepatic veins
(E) Functions to concentrate and store bile

A

D. Drains venous blood into the hepatic veins

44
Q
  1. A 3-year-old boy is diagnosed as having a persistent processus vaginalis in its middle por- tion. Which of the following conditions is most likely to be associated with this developmental anomaly?

(A) Direct inguinal hernia
(B) Gubernaculum testis
(C) Hematocele
(D) Hydrocele
(E) Cryptorchidism

A

D. Hydrocele

45
Q
  1. Examination of a 54-year-old man reveals an isolated tumor located at the porta hepatis. This tumor most likely compresses which of the following structures?

(A) Cystic duct
(B) Hepatic veins
(C) Common hepatic artery
(D) Left gastric artery
(E) Branches of the portal vein

A

E. Branches of the portal vein

46
Q
  1. During development, the midgut artery appears to be markedly narrowed at its origin. Which of the following structures is derived from the midgut and may receive inadequate blood supply?

(A) Gallbladder
(B) Stomach
(C) Descending colon
(D) Ascending colon
(E) Rectum

A

D. Ascending colon

47
Q
  1. A 3-year-old boy is admitted to the children’s hospital with complaints of rest- lessness, abdominal pain, and fever. An MRI examination reveals that he has a double ureter. Which of the following embryonic structures is most likely failed to develop normally?

(A) Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
(B) Paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct
(C) Ureteric bud
(D) Metanephros
(E) Pronephros

A

C. Ureteric bud

48
Q
  1. A neonate has a small reducible protrusion through a defined ring at the umbilicus. His pediatrician indicates to the parents that this will likely close spontaneously. Which of the following congenital malformations is present?

(A) Umbilical hernia
(B) Symptomatic patent urachus
(C) Patent omphalomesenteric duct
(D) Omphalocele
(E) Gastroschisis

A

A. Umbilical hernia

Anatomy [REMOVALS] (2 decks)

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