rev + passmed

Question 1

drugs that prolong QT interval

Answer 1

antipsychotics - haloperidol, olanzapine (do an ECG before initiating)

antiarrhythmiscs - amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide
antibiotics - macrolides (erythromycin)

tricyclics - amitriptyline
antidepressants -citalopram

antimalarials - chloroquine

Question 2

where is the QT interval measured from

Answer 2

START of Q wave to END of T wave

Question 3

what arrhythmias is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy assoc with

Answer 3

wolf parkinson white

Question 4

which electrolyte channel is affected in long QT syndrome

Answer 4

potassium
(loss of function/blockage of K+ channel)

Question 5

electrolytes that can prolong QT

Answer 5

hypokalaemia
hypomagnesmia
hypocalcaemia

Question 6

what can give a third heart sound (s3)

Answer 6

(diastolic filling of ventricle)

• LV failure -> dilated cardiomyopathy
• constrictive pericarditis
• mitral regurgitation

(nomal <30yrs)

Question 7

what can give a 4th heart sound (S4)

Answer 7

(atrial contraction against stiff ventricle - coincides with P waves)

• aortic stenosis
• HOCM
• hypertension

Question 8

hypertrophic cardiomyopathy on ECG

Answer 8

deep ST depression + T wave inversions

Question 9

normal length of QT interval

Answer 9

less than 430 ms in males and 450 ms in females.

Question 10

symptoms of HOCM

Answer 10

syncope following exercise
jerky pulse, double apex beat
ejection systolic murmur - increases with valsava/on squating

sudden death